تحليل و سطح‌بندي فضايي در سطح مناطق شهري براي دستيابي به گردشگري پايدار؛ مطالعه موردي: شهر اردبيل

Analyzing and spatial classification in urban areas to achieve sustainable tourism; Case study: Ardabil city

ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻨﺪي و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﯾﮏ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه از ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﯾﺎ داﻣﻨﻪ و ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش آن اﺳﺖ. دراﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ، ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ اﺳﺖ. ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ و ﻧﺤﻮه ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮي ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در اﺑﻌﺎد اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ-ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي-ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻧﻬﺎدي در ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد. ﻻزﻣﻪ رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري در اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آن ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰم وﺟﻮد ﺳﻨﺠﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و روﯾﮑﺮد و ﻧﮕﺮش آن، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﻤﻊ آوري داده ﻫﺎ و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻮردﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ دو روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي )اﺳﻨﺎدي( و ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ )ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ( ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ اﺑﺰار ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ روش آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ آزﻣﻮن ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه و ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻي ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿﺮي ﭼﻨﺪﻣﻌﯿﺎره وﯾﮑﻮر1، اﻟﮑﺘﺮهSAW3 ،2 و ﻣﺪل ادﻏﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﭙﻠﻨﺪ، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭼﻬﺎرﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ اردﺑﯿﻞ ازﻟﺤﺎظ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺷﻬﺮي در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي و اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي آن اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﺎاﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻫﺮﮐﺪام از ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺑﮑﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه داراي ﺗﻔﺎوت در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ و رﺗﺒﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ وﻟﯽ ﻣﺪل ادﻏﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻫﺮﮐﺪام ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ رﺳﯿﺪ و اﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻧﯽ و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮاب واﺣﺪ اﺳﺖ. درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮي اردﺑﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ دو، ﯾﮏ، ﺳﻪ و ﭘﻨﺞ، ﭼﻬﺎر داراي اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.

Spatial development is how a phenomenon spreads from the center or domain and territorial area of ​​its expansion. Assessing the current situation and how to progress towards sustainable tourism leads to development in economic, socio-cultural, physical-environmental and institutional dimensions in the territory of the city. Achieving sustainability in its various dimensions requires the existence of measures, indicators and criteria for measuring tourism in order to analyze, evaluate and explain the status of tourism sustainability. This research is an applied research and its approach and attitude is descriptive-analytical. The required data and information were collected in two ways: library (documentary) and survey (field). The reliability of the research instrument was tested by Cronbach's alpha method and the obtained coefficient (0.873) indicates the high level of reliability of the questionnaire. This study uses Vickor, Electr, SAW multi-criteria decision making models and Kepland integration model, Ardabil four areas in terms of evaluating the spatial development of urban tourism at the regional level to achieve sustainable tourism with emphasis on socio-cultural, economic, environmental and physical indicators. an‎d it has been prioritized. Findings showed that although the results of each of the models used have differences in priority and rank, but the integration model by combining the importance of each reached the final result and this important indicator of the similarity and combination of models with each other to achieve a single answer. Finally, spatial assessment and distribution in urban areas of Ardabil, including zones two, one, three and four, respectively, have priority.