كليدواژه :
زنان , باستانشناسي , محمود طلوعي , ماريا بروسيوس , هخامنشي
چكيده فارسي :
از هخامنشيان بجز كتيبۀ بيستون و استوانۀ كوروش، كتيبههاي رويداد نگارانۀ ديگري در دست نداريم؛ بنابراين بخش زيادي از تاريخ هخامنشي بر پايۀ اطلاعات منابع يوناني و بعضاَ يهودي استوار بوده است؛ منابعي كه پژوهشگران كاستيها، تناقضات و ناراستيهاي آنها را به دفعات گوشزد كردهاند. با كاوش مهمترين مراكز هخامنشي، حجم زيادي از اطلاعات حاصل از تفسير فرهنگ مادي در دسترس محققين قرار گرفت. در اين ميان كشف و خوانش تعداد قابل توجهي از الواح متعلق به بايگانيهاي پارس و بابل اطلاعات جديدي از ساز و كارهاي اداري-اقتصادي، اشخاص درباري و نيز روندها و رويدادهاي اجتماعي، تاريخي، حقوقي و هنري را را آشكار كرد.تحولات علوم دانشگاهي از نيمۀ قرن بيستم منجر به تخصصي شدن هر چه بيشتر علوم شد؛ تحولات اجتماعي اين برهه نيز به شكل گيري جنبش هايي نظير زنمحوري انجاميد. مباحث مطرح شده در اين شاخه هاي جديد راه پژوهشي خود را به گسترۀ تاريخ كشاندند. ماريا بروسيوس از جمله مورخيني است كه با توجه به اين روند، مطالعات خود بر روي زنان هخامنشي را در قالب رسالۀ دكتري و سپس كتابي با عنوان "زنان در ايران باستان (331-559)" ارائه داد. اين مقاله به بررسي و نقد اين كتاب به همراه يكي از نسخههاي ترجمۀ آن ميپردازد.
چكيده لاتين :
While none of the possible historical sources of Achaemenid royal libraries are available to us, with the exception of Darius the Great’s inscription at Behistun and the Cyrus Cylinder, we do not have any other chronicle inscriptions of this period. A major part of the history of the Achaemenid era has been based on the information given from Greek and sometimes Jewish sources, which researchers often point out shortcomings, contradictions, and even their narrative nature. With the development and expansion of the new archeology since the 1960’s up to now, and exploring the most important Achaemenid centers, whose discoveries began about a century earlier, a large amount of inscriptional information as well as information derived from the interpretation of material culture made available to researchers. Among them, the discovery and reading of a significant number of tablets belonging to the Achaemenid administrative and economic archives of some states, such as Pars and Babylon, reveal new information on the Achaemenid administrative and economic mechanisms. In addition, through this information, researchers have been able to extract valuable information from court individuals, as well as socio-historical and Juridical trends, and even specialization in artistic events. According to them, Achaemenid history is brought closer to reality. The evolution of academic science from the middle of the twentieth century led to more specialized science, and social developments at that time also resulted in the formation of movements such as feminism and similar cases. The debates in these new branches have led the way to research into a wide range of history and have led to significant discoveries and perspectives. Maria Brosius is among the scholars who, according to this trend, presented their studies on Achaemenid women in the form of a doctoral thesis and then a book entitled “Women in Ancient Iran (331-559)”. This article reviews and criticizes this book along with one of its Persian translations.
