اقتدارگرايي يا دموكراسي؛ ساختار دولت و توسعۀ اقتصادي در چين و هند

Authoritarianism or Democracy; Structure of State and Economic Development in China and India

رشد و توسعه سريع چين و هند در ساليان اخير، اين كشورها را به پديده اي جذاب در مباحث توسعه تبديل كرده است. با اين حال، اين دو كشور با دو ساختار سياسي متفاوت به توسعه دست يافته اند. هدف مقاله حاضر بررسي رابطه ساختار دولت و توسعه اقتصادي در اين كشورها است. شناخت اين رابطه به ويژه براي كشورهاي در حال توسعه اهميت بسزايي دارد. زيرا جوامع درحال گذار، جوياي شناخت نسبت ساختار سياسي و توسعه در كشور خود مي باشند. نتايج اين بررسي نشان مي دهد كه دموكراسي يا اقتدارگرايي ضرورتاّ پيش شرط توسعه نيست، بلكه وجود شاخص هاي دولت توسعه گرا در چين و هند شامل: نخبگان توسعه گرا، استقلال نسبي دولت، ديوان سالاري قوي و جامعه مدني ضعيف بسترهاي لازم را براي توسعه در دو كشور چين و هند فراهم كرده است.

China and India's rapid growth and development in recent years, with two different political structures, have made them an attractive phenomenon in development issues. In so far as that, the two countries have become models for other developing societies which seek to understand the relationship between political structure and development. India is a country with a democratic infrastructure, but China has an authoritarian and centralized system. The present paper seeks to examine the relationship between political structure and economic development in India and China based on the model of the developmental state of Adrian Leftwich. Therefore, the current article investigates the relationship between political structure and economic development in these two countries. We hypothesize that the existence of developmental state indicators in these two countries has led to the economic development of India and China. The level of democratic freedom does not necessarily determine development. This study shows that the existence of the characteristics of a developmental state, including developmental elites, the relative independence of the state, strong bureaucracy, and weak civil society, has provided the necessary grounds for development in China and India. This paper is based on data and documentary-library