كليدواژه :
ماندگاري , آنتي بيوتيك , فاضلاب بيمارستان , درصد حذف
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺮات ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ آﻧﺘﯽﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ، ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري آﻧﺘﯽﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﻫﺎي ورودي دو ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﯿﻨﯽ و ﺳﯿﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﺎرون و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع آﻧﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب، 500، 1000، 1500، 2000و 3000ﻣﺘﺮي از ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎ در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1398ﺑﻮد. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري در ﺑﻄﺮي ﻫﺎي ﺗﯿﺮه درب ﺳﻤﺒﺎدهاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 5آﻧﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ )ﭘﻨﯽﺳﯿﻠﯿﻦﺟﯽ، ﺳﻔﺘﺮﯾﺎﮐﺴﻮن، ﺳﻔﯿﮑﺴﯿﻢ، ارﯾﺘﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ و آﻣﻮﮐﺴﯽﺳﯿﻠﯿﻦ( ﮐﻪ از ﺟﺪول ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﭘﺮ ﻣﺼﺮف-ﺗﺮﯾﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه HPLCﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮐﻠﯽ 5 آﻧﺘﯽﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع در ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﯿﻨﯽ و ﺳﯿﻨﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ 80/27- 0/68 ﻧﺎﻧﻮﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن و 6/3-84/49ﻧﺎﻧﻮﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻮد. در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﻫﺮ دو ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ آﻧﺘﯽﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ از ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن و در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 2000ﻣﺘﺮي، 0/56-10/32درﺻﺪ آﻧﺘﯽﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن در آب ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﺑﻮد. آﻣﻮﮐﺴﯽ ﺳﯿﻠﯿﻦ و ﭘﻨﯽﺳﯿﻠﯿﻦ ﺟﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب، 1000و 2000ﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ آﻧﺘﯽﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ را در آب رودﺧﺎﻧﻪي ﮐﺎرون داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. در ﻫﺮ دو ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن، درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﯽ آﻧﺘﯽﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏﻫﺎ در دو ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ در ﻣﻮرد ﭘﻨﯽﺳﯿﻠﯿﻦ ﺟﯽ، در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ آﻧﺘﯽﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﻫﺎ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ )0/05>P (. در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪي 2500ﻣﺘﺮي ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﯽ آﻧﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻔﯿﮑﺴﯿﻢ )زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺮ دو ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن(، ﺳﻔﺘﺮﯾﺎﮐﺴﻮن )زﻣﺴﺘﺎن و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺮ دو ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن( و ﭘﻨﯽ ﺳﯿﻠﯿﻦ ﺟﯽ )ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن در ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﯿﻨﯽ( ﺻﻔﺮ درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ي ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري و ﺧﻄﺮ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﯾﻦ دو آﻧﺘﯽﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ آﻧﺘﯽﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ دﯾﮕﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ آﻧﺘﯽﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏﻫﺎي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪي ﮐﺎرون ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي PNECو Lowest MIC، ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ اﻧﺘﯽﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏﻫﺎ ز اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه، ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Purpose: Karun River is the longest and probes most river of Iran, exposed to a variety of wastewaters, including drug pollutants, which have adverse effects on animals and humans. The aim of this study was to calculate the amount of antibiotic entry in the river Volume unit and also to evaluate the power of Karun River in reducing the antibiotic contamination of entrance wastewater from two Imam Khomeini and Sina hospitals at intervals of 1, 2 and 3 kilometers from hospitals 'outlet in summer and winter 2019. Materials & Methods: Sampling was done in dark bottles of a grinding door, the concentration of 5 antibiotics (penicillin J, Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, erythromycin and amoxicillin) were high and common and determination of the mean of each was measured using HPLC. Results: The total average of 5 antibiotics in the output of Imam Khomeini and Sina Hospital was between 27.80-68.0 ng/L in summer and 49/84-3/6 ng/L winter. In the summer and winter of the outlet station, both hospitals had the highest concentration of antibiotics and, with the distance from the hospital outlet and at a distance of 2 kilometers, the concentration of each 5 antibiotics (summer 93.0-0 and winter 13/1-0 ng/L) decreased significantly (P<0.05) and 3 kilometers of antibiotics were not measurable. Amoxicillin and Penicillin-J were the highest and lowest concentrations of antibiotic in Karun river water, 1 and 2 kilometers, respectively. In both hospitals, the removal of antibiotics in two seasons of summer and winter, except for penicillin-J, in other antibiotics, there was no significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). Percentages removal of antibiotics increased by increasing the distance from the discharge site and at 2 km distance of antibiotics such as cefixime, penicillin G and ceftriaxone% of removal to 100% was also reached. In the summer and winter of the hospital, the lowest penicillin-J was found in the output of Imam Khomeini and Sina hospitals, and at intervals of 1 and 2 kilometers in Karun River. Conclusion: Comparison of the amounts of antibiotics in Karun River and PNEC and Lowest MIC standards showed that the values of all antibiotics were higher than the standards considered.
