چكيده فارسي :
در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎراﻧﯽ ﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ آﺑﭙﺎش ﻣﺘﺤﺮك اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪه در 15ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداران از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ و ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ از آﺑﯿﺎري ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺑﻪ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎراﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف آب و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ زﯾﺮﮐﺸﺖ و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮐﺴﺐ درآﻣﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ وﻟﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در واﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داده اﺳﺖ. اﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﺰارع در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎدﺧﯿﺰ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻠﻔﺎت ﺑﺎدﺑﺮدﮔﯽ 20درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ ﭘﺨﺶ آب و ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 58و 65ﺑﻮد و ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ"، ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎًﺧﻮب و ﺧﻮب دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ، ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاي راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ رﺑﻊ )PELQs( ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ72 ، 19و 48و ﺑﺮاي راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ رﺑﻊ )AELQs( ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 66، 14و 41درﺻﺪ ﯾﻮد. اﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﺰارع دﭼﺎر ﮐﻢآﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ و ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ دو ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ اﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﻤﻠﮑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد آب و اﻧﺮژي، ﺧﺮده ﻣﺎﻟﮑﯽ ﺑﻮدن اﮐﺜﺮ اراﺿﯽ و از ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖﻫﺎي اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ، ﺑﺪون ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ﻧﻈﺎرت دﻗﯿﻖ، ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﻻزم را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎراﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ )آﺑﭙﺎشﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼﮏ( و ﯾﺎ ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﻢﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
In this study, fixed classic sprinkler irrigation systems with mobile sprinklers implemented in 15 farms in Isfahan province were evaluated. The users of the mentioned systems were relatively satisfied and believed that changing the system from surface irrigation to sprinkler irrigation has reduced water consumption and increased the area under cultivation and as a result has increased income, but has reduced unit yield and product quality. Most farms were in windy areas, with an average windfall loss of 20%. The average values of uniformity of water distribution and uniformity of systems were 58 and 65, respectively, and were classified into three quality groups: "poor", relatively good and good. The maximum, minimum and average values for the lowest potential quadrant (PELQs) application efficiencies were 72, 19 and 48, respectively, and for the lowest quadrant (AELQs) application efficiencies were 66, 14 and 41%, respectively. Most farms were under-irrigated and this is why the values of the last two parameters are close. According to the obtained results, the country is facing water and energy shortages, small land ownership and, most importantly, climate restrictions, the use of these systems can not be effective without careful management and supervision. It is better to replace them with medium pressure sprinkler irrigation systems (small sprinklers) or low pressure systems in general.
