بررسي روند تغييرات دما و بارش ايستگاه‌هاي هواشناسي استان خوزستان

Temperature and Precipitation Changes in Meteorological Stations of Khuzestan Province

ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺸﺮ اﻣﺮوزي ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎري اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﺑﺎرش و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب در دﺳﺘﺮس، در ﮔﺴﺘﺮه وﺳﯿﻌﯽ در ﻃﻮل زﻣﺎن اﺗﻔﺎق ﻣﯽاﻓﺘﺪ. از ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ، دﻣﺎ و ﺑﺎرش ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ در رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧﺎك و ﺟﺮﯾﺎنﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﯽ و زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﻨﻌﮑﺲ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﭘﺲ از ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎرش و دﻣﺎ در دوره آﻣﺎري 1983-2012و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ و ﻫﻤﮕﻨﯽ و ﺻﺤﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﻧﺎﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮي ﻣﻦ ﮐﻨﺪال ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ روﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات دﻣﺎ و ﺑﺎرش در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ دوره آﻣﺎري ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ روﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات دﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ در ﮐﻠﯿﻪ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ اﺳﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آمده متوسط دماي سالانه به ترتيب در ايستگاههاي رامهرمز، بستان و آبادان با 8 / 7 ، 5 / 7 و 7 درجه سانتيگراد در دوره مطالعاتي 2012 - 1983، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ روﻧﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﺴﺠﺪﺳﻠﯿﻤﺎن ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﯿﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ را ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻣﺎي ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ي 4/2 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﮔﺮاد را در دوره ي ﺳﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ، ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎرش ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ، روﻧﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ را در اﮐﺜﺮ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. اﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﺎرش ﺑﺮﺧﻼف دﻣﺎ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻧﻤﯽدﻫﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺑﻨﺪر ﻣﺎﻫﺸﻬﺮ و اﻣﯿﺪﯾﻪ ﮐﻪ در ﺣﺪود ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮﻗﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﺎرش را در دورهي 30ﺳﺎﻟﻪ 1983-2012 ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ.

The phenomenon of climate change is one of the vital issues for human beings today, and drought, as a climatic anomaly with symptoms of lack of rainfall and available water resources, occurs over a wide range over time. Among climatic variables, temperature and precipitation are the most important variables whose changes are directly reflected in soil moisture and surface and groundwater flows. In the present study, after collecting monthly precipitation and temperature data in the statistical period of 2012-1983 and examining their quality, homogeneity and validity, using the non-parametric I-Kendall test to investigate the trend of temperature and precipitation changes in selected meteorological stations in the province. Khuzestan was paid. The results of the studied statistical period show an increase in the trend of annual temperature changes in all selected stations of the province. According to the obtained results, the average annual temperature in Ramhormoz, Bostan and Abadan stations with 7.8 Co and 7.5 Co, respectively an‎d 7 Co in the study period of 1983-1982 show the highest upward trend, and similarly, Masjed-e-Soliman station shows the lowest upward slope with an annual temperature increase of 4.2 Co in the thirty-year period. According to the results, the average annual rainfall shows a decreasing trend of this variable in most stations. But the variable of precipitation, unlike temperature, does not show uniform changes. In this study, Mahshahr and Omidiyeh port stations, which are located in the southeastern part of the province, have shown a relative increase in rainfall in the 30-year period of 1983-2012