ارزيابي سيستم آبياري قطره اي گونه هاي درختي بادام و گردو با ارائه مدل رياضي

Evaluation of Almond and Walnut tree species drip irrigation system by mathematical model

ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺑﺮ روي ﺳـﯿﺴـﺘﻢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷـﻬﻤﯿﺮزاد از ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ اﺳـﺘﺎن ﺳـﻤﻨﺎن ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ وﺳـﻌﺖ 700 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮل ﮔﺮدو و ﺑﺎدام اﺟﺮا ﺷـﺪه، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه و ﺳـﯿﺴـﺘﻢ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ، اﺟﺮا و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري، ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﻣﺪﻟﯽ رﯾﺎﺿـﯽ ﺑﺮاي آن ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ورودي ﻣﺪل ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺸـﺎر و اﻧﺮژي در اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺳـﯿﺴـﺘﻢ و ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﮑﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮده؛ و ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از رواﺑﻂ و ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﭘﯿﻮﺳـﺘﮕﯽ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت اﻧﺮژي و اﻓﺖ، ﻣﯿﺰان اﻓﺖ در ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ، ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن، ﻓﺸـﺎر، دﺑﯽ و اﻧﺮژي را در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﺪاول و ﻧﻤﻮدار اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﻣﺪل و ﺳـﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪل اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد و ﻧﯿﺰ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳـﺎس دﺳـﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ اداره ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﺎك اﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ SCS)( ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ASAEﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻪ ﺷـﺪه، ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. ﺳـﯿﺴـﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ رﯾﺰش 85/74 درﺻـﺪ در ﻣﺎﻧﯿﻔﻠﺪ )EUm( و ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﺿـﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ راﻧﺪﻣﺎن )ERF( 0/64و ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ رﯾﺰش 54/87 درﺻـﺪ در ﺳـﯿﺴـﺘﻢ EUs)( و ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴـ ﯿﻞ راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد )PELQ( ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار 49/88 درﺻـﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ آﻣﺪه از ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷـﺪ، ﺳـﯿﺴـﺘﻢ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﺟﺮا و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري داراي اﺷـﮑﺎﻻت زﯾﺎدي ﺑﻮده و ﺿـﻌﯿﻒ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﯽﺷـﻮد. ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮدن ﺿـﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎنﻫﺎ )26 درﺻـﺪ و ﺿﻌﻒ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ، ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﮐﻢ ﺑﻮدن ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد، در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ

The drip irrigation systems are an ideal potential in water distribution with high efficiency, it is considered to be a safe way toward better usage of water supplies. In the direction of quantity, one must also pay attention to the quality of the plans and must be evaluated. How this evaluation is easier and faster and cheaper, it will be more economical, usage of computer facilities and presenting mathematical and computer models are the best way. Besides, by using models, it does not need to do most of measurements in site and without any payment or with the lowest payment, we will be able to research scenarios and different conditions and see the results in the models and finally apply the suggestions and improving and management solutions. In this study, the existing drip irrigation system that applied in Shahmirzad of Semnan province(IRAN) was survived and evaluated according to plan and performance and management and finally mathematical model was performed too. The evaluation parameters were chosen on the basis of Soil Conservation Services (SCS). The System evaluated with EUm of 85.7 Percent, ERF of 0.64 and EUs of 54.8 percent. Average amount of EUm in the whole manifolds under investigation was about 87.3 percent and ERF of 0.79.