ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ دو ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﺳﻮاد ﻣﺎﻟﯽ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮداﻧﺶ و اراﯾﻪ اﻟﮕﻮي ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ اﻓﺮاد

Explain financial ability and financial literacy from a knowledge perspective and proposing a model of financial capability

ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه ﺗﺮ ﺷﺪن ﺑﺎزارﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻟﯽ در دﻧﯿﺎي اﻣﺮوز، واژﮔﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ)ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ( ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﺳﻮاد ﻣﺎﻟﯽ اﺧﯿﺮا در ادﺑﯿﺎت و ﻣﺤﺎورات روزﻣﺮه ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ وﺟﻮد ﻫﻨﻮز در ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻫﺮ واژه ، اﺑﻌﺎد و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ و ﻧﺤﻮه اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي آن، ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد و ﺑﺴﯿﺎري اﯾﻦ دو واژه را ﯾﮑﺴﺎن و ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﯽ داﻧﻨﺪ. ﺿﻤﻦ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺗﺎ ﮐﻨﻮن ﻋﻤﺪه ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ واژه ﺳﻮاد ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ آن ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ )ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ( ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺧﺎص، ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ دو واژه، اراﯾﻪ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري درﺧﺼﻮص ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ اﻓﺮاد از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ روﯾﮑﺮد ﭘﺪﯾﺪار ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي و ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮي از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي 12 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﻣﺎﻟﯽ اﯾﺮان ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﻟﮕﻮي ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 3 ﻣﻀﻤﻮن اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ، ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ذﻫﻨﯽ و ارﺗﺒﺎط، 4 ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﻬﺎ، ﻧﮕﺮش ﻫﺎ و اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯽ و ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ 39 ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ..

As financial markets become more complex in today's world, terms such as financial capability and financial knowledge (literacy) have recently become widely used in the literature and everyday conversation. However, there are still challenges in explaining the meanings of each word, its dimensions and elements, and how to measure it, and many consider the two words to be the same. In addition, most of the research conducted so far has focused on the term financial literacy and identifying the factors affecting it, and the concept of financial capability (ability) has not been specifically addressed. Therefore, the purpose of this study, while explaining the conceptual differences between the two words, is to provide a structural model regarding the factors affecting the financial ability of individuals from the perspective of experts through a phenomenological approach. This research is based on a library and interpretive method of qualitative research that has examined the views of 12 Iranian financial experts. The results showed that the proposed model of factors affecting the financial ability of individuals including 3 main themes of ability, mental framework and communication, 4 categories of skills, attitudes and general and financial motivations as well as 39 factors are influential.