بررسي نشانه‌هاي تأثير كلام اشاعره و معتزله در حديقه سنايي

The Study on the Effect of the Ash'arites and Mu'tazilites Theology in Hadigheh Sanai

سنايي غزنويي به عنوان يكي از برجسته‌ترين شاعران كلاسيك ايران، با حديقه‌الحقيقه بسياري از آموزه‌هاي اعتقادي و اخلاقي اسلامي را وارد شعر فارسي نمود. بيشتر اين آموزه‌ها متأثر از فضاي كلامي و اخلاقي عصر سنايي مي‌باشد. عصري كه نحله‌هاي كلامي و اخلاقي فراواني در آن رواج داشتند. در اين ميان، مثنوي حديقه‌الحقيقه، از جمله مهم‌ترين آثار سنايي، جلوه‌گاه تأثيرات كلامي و اعتقادي متعددي در بطن خويش مي‌باشد. حديقه‌الحقيقه اثري مي‌باشد كه هم متأثر از مباني كلامي-استدلالي معتزله است و هم متأثر از مباني كلامي–نقلي اشعريون. اين اثر از يك سو، در مسائل كلامي چون رؤيت الهي، به ديدگاه‌هاي معتزله نزديك مي‌باشد و در مسأله حدوث و قدم كلام الهي به اشاعره. اگر چه سنايي‌پژوهان، وي را عمدتاً اشعري‌مسلك دانسته‌اند، اما نمي‌توان در باورداشت سنايي به حب اهل بيت (ع)، توحيد و امامت و آموزه‌هاي اخلاقي شيعي‌مسلكانه او، شك كرد. باري در تحقيق حاضر با استفاده از روش توصيفي-تحليلي، تلاش شده تا تاثيرات كلامي دو فرق مهم جهان اسلام يعني معتزله عقل‌انديش و اشعريون نقل‌انديش بر حديقه‌الحقيقه سنايي مطالعه شود. عمدۀ تمركز تحقيق بر تأثيرات موضوعات كلامي و اخلاقي چون حدوث و قدم كلام الهي، رويت الهي، امامت، امر شر، حسن و قبح امور و ... در حديقه‌الحقيقه سنايي است

Undoubtedly, one of the greatest Persian classical poets who introduced mystical and intuitive themes into the Persian language is Sanai Ghaznavi. By referring to mystical concepts, he also included a large part of the theological and theological themes of his time in his poetry. The Mu'tazilites and the Ash'arites were among the important theological sects under which Sanai was in his poetry. One of the important works of Sanai, which is the manifestation of various theological influences in his womb, is his Masnavi Hadiqah al-Haqiqah. Hadiqah is a work that is influenced both by the theological foundations of the Mu'tazilites and by the theological foundations of the Ash'arite narration. For example, in the matter of seeing, it is close to the views of the Mu'tazilites, and in the matter of the occurrence and step of the divine word to the Ash'arites. Although Sanai scholars have considered him mainly Ash'arite, it is impossible to doubt Sanai's belief in the love of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), monotheism and Imamate. Of course, it is quite natural that he is in favor of the Ash'arites in many matters. Because he lived in a time when the light of rationalism was fading in the Islamic world and the Ash'arites were the undisputed rulers of the theological world. Therefore, most of the present research focuses on the impact of theological topics such as faith and monotheism, the occurrence and step of the divine word, divine vision, Imamate, evil, good and ugliness of affairs, in the hadigah.