جستاري بر دلالت هاي تربيتي پويانمايي باب اسفنجي از منظر نفي و ايجاب ساحت هاي شش گانه تعليم و تربيت

An investigation into the educational implications of Sponge Bob Animation from the perspective of the negating and requirement of the six areas of education

اﻣﺮوزه رﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي ﮔﺬران اوﻗﺎت ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺴﺎن ﻫﺎ و ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﮐﻮدﮐـﺎن اﺳـﺖ. ﺑـﻪ دﻟﯿـﻞ ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ ﺣﺴـﺎس دوران ﮐﻮدﮐﯽ و اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺤﺒﻮب ﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬارﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي رﺳـﺎﻧﻪ ﻧـﺰد ﮐﻮدﮐـﺎن، ﭘﻮﯾﺎﻧﻤـﺎﯾﯽ اﺳـﺖ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪۀ ﭘﻮﯾﺎﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺎ در ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ اﯾﻦ دوره اﻣﺮي ﮔﺮﯾﺰ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻔﯽ و اﯾﺠﺎب دﻻﻟﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺘﯽ ﭘﻮﯾﺎﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎب اﺳﻔﻨﺠﯽ ﺑﺮﭘﺎﯾﮥ ﺳﺎﺣﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺷـﺶ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﻠـﯿﻢ و ﺗﺮﺑﯿـﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺪف، ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮدي اﺳـﺖ و ﺑﺮﭘﺎﯾـﮥ روش ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ـ ﮐﻤـﯽ و ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻗﯿﺎﺳـﯽ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ. ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼـﺎن اﯾـﻦ ﺣـﻮزه، رواﯾـﯽ ﺻـﻮري ﻣﻘﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﺎ ﺳﺎﺣﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺶ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ را ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ. ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ اﺳﮑﺎت و دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي 4 ﻧﻔـﺮ از ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﻈﺮان در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ، 0/772 ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪ؛ ﺳﺮاﻧﺠﺎم، ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ دﺳـﺖ آﻣـﺪه از ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ، از روش آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺷﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، 242 ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺎﺣﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺶ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻢ و ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﻮﯾﺎﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﺣﺖ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ و ﺳﺎﺣﺖ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ اﺧﻼﻗﯽ،ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ را داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ 314 ﻣﻀﻤﻮن در ﻧﻔﯽ ﺳـﺎﺣﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺶ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻔﯽ ﺳﺎﺣﺖ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ اﺧﻼﻗﯽ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻮﺟﻪ و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ و ﻧﻔـﯽ ﺳـﺎﺣﺖ ﺗﺮﺑﯿـﺖ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﻫﻨـﺮي، ﮐﻤﺘـﺮﯾﻦ اﻫﻤﯿـﺖ را داﺷـﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺣـﺎﮐﯽ از اﯾـﻦ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ در ﭘﻮﯾﺎﻧﻤـﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎب اﺳﻔﻨﺠﯽ ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ اﺑﻌﺎد وﺟﻮدي اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺘﻌﺎدل ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺸـﺪه اﺳـﺖ؛ ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺿـﺮورت ﭘﺮﻫﯿـﺰ از ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﮐﺎرﯾﮑﺎﺗﻮري و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﻢ زﻣﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﮥ ﺳﺎﺣﺖ ﻫﺎي وﺟﻮدي اﻧﺴﺎن ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.

Due to the sensitive conditions of childhood and the fact that one of the most popular and influential types of media for children is animation, it is inevitable to study the effects of observing animations in the education of this period. The present study was conducted to investigate the negation and necessity of educational implications of Sponge Bob animation based on six areas of education. The formal validity of the categories related to the six domains was confirmed by experts. 772 using the Scott coefficient and the opinions of 4 experts in this field; Finally, Shannon entropy method was used to analyze the data obtained from the study. Based on the findings of this study, 242 topics related to the existence of six fields of education in this animation were observed that the field of biological and physical education has the highest level of attention and importance and the field of moral education has the lowest level of attention and importance. Also, 314 themes were observed in the negation of the six domains; the negation of the field of moral education has the most attention and importance and the negation of the field of aesthetic and artistic education has the least attention and importance. Findings indicate that the growth of human existence has not been considered in a balanced way in SpongeBob animation, so it is recommended to avoid the formation of caricature characters and pay attention to all areas of human existence.