تحليلي بر اقتصاد غيررسمي در توسعه اقتصاد روستايي (مطالعه موردي: استان كردستان)

An Analysis of Informal Economy in Rural Economy Development (Case Study: Kurdistan Province)

مناطق مرزي به دليل تماس با محيط‌هاي متنوع بيروني، از ويژگي‌هاي خاصي برخوردارند. وجود مبادلات و پيوندهاي فضايي دو سوي مرز و آسيب‌پذيري و تهديدات مختلف، اهميت ويژه‌اي در فرايند برنامه‌ريزي توسعه و آمايش سرزمين به اين مناطق مرزي داده است كه در صورت غفلت از آن به‌طورجدي شاهد چالش‌هاي عمده‌اي خواهند بود. در اين راستا هدف پژوهش حاضر نقش اقتصاد غيررسمي در توسعه اقتصاد روستايي استان كردستان مي‌باشد. جامعه آماري پژوهش حاضر شامل تمامي ساكنان نواحي روستايي واقع در كه در دهستان‌هاي مرزي استان كردستان كه به‌صورت مستقيم با مرز در ارتباط هستند، مي - باشد؛ لذا، 14 دهستان در شهرستان‌هاي بانه مريوان، سقز و سروآباد هدف نهايي مطالعه حاضر بوده و از بين روستاهاي اين دهستان‌ها، 27 روستا كه در فاصلة حداكثر 50 كيلومتري مرز واقع شده‌اند موردمطالعه قرار گرفته‌اند. ابزار مورداستفاده در اين پژوهش شامل پرسش‌نامه محقق ساخته اي است كه روايي آن به صورت محتوايي (صوري) و سازه اي و پايايي آن با استفاده از ضريب آلفاي كرونباخ مورد تأييد قرار گرفته است. نتايج نشان داد ساكنان روستاهاي مناطق مرزي مد نظر، با اشتغال در بخش غيررسمي موافق بوده و به رضايت خويش از اين نوع اشتغال عنوان كرده اند.

Border areas have got special characteristics due to the connection with various external environments. Exchanges and spatial cross-border connection, vulnerabilities and different threats, have important role in the process of development and spatial planning in the border region. Neglecting these factors cause serious challenges in this area. Smuggling in the border areas of the country is one of the most significant economic problems, which can have devastating effects on the trade balance and consequently it effects the economic growth. The present study aims to investigate the role of the informal economy in the development of rural economy in frontier regions (Case Study: Kurdistan Province). The statistical population of the present study includes all residents of rural areas located in Baneh, Saghez, SarvAbad and Marivan counties, which are in the border villages of these counties that are directly related to the border. Therefore, 14 villages in Baneh, Saghez, SarvAbad and Marivan counties have been the final target of this study and 27 Rural have been studied among of these villages, which are located at a maximum distance of 50 km from the border. According to the latest population and housing census (2016), 18897 households live in the target villages of the present study. The study sample was selected using Cochran's formula and random stratified sampling method with appropriate attribution (377 household heads). The tools used in this study include a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity is confirmed in terms of content (formal) and structural and its reliability using a combined reliability. Used to analyze data from SPSS, GIS and Excel software. The results showed that the residents of the villages in the border areas agreed with the employment in the informal sector and expressed their satisfaction with this type of employment. Also, the results of comparing the three economic sectors (agriculture, industry and services) of the 14 border regions in terms of the effects of the informal economy in Kurdistan province showed that there is a significant difference in the level of 99% confidence between the three economic sectors.