كليدواژه :
ﺗﻮاﻟﯽﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ , ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺗﻮاﻟﯽﯾﺎﺑﯽ , ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن زﯾﻨﺘﯽ , ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ
چكيده فارسي :
به نژادي ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن زﯾﻨﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي زﯾﺎدي ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﺑﺰرگ ژﻧﻮم، ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﯽ و ﯾﺎ ﻧﺒﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ روﺑﻪرو اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻮاﻟﯽﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺑﻌﺪي )NGS(، روﺷﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺗﻌﺪاد زﯾﺎدي از ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي DNA در ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه اﺳﺖ. درﺣﺎلﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﭼﻨﺪﺷﮑﻠﯽﻫﺎي ﺗﮏ ﻧﻮﮐﻠﺌﻮﺗﯿﺪي )SNP( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺤﺒﻮبﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي DNA، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ و در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. ﯾﮑﯽ از روشﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ SNP ﺑﺮاي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ژرمﭘﻼﺳﻢ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ ژﻧﻮمﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه و ﺗﻮاﻟﯽﯾﺎﺑﯽﻧﺸﺪه ﻧﻮآوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، روش ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺗﻮاﻟﯽﯾﺎﺑﯽ )GBS( ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن، از اﯾﻦ روش ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﻨﮋادي و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ژرمﭘﻼﺳﻢ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن زﯾﻨﺘﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ رز، ارﮐﯿﺪه و اﻃﻠﺴﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از ﻣﯿﺎن اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎ، ﯾﮏ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ روي ادرﯾﺴﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﻮﯾﺶ ﮐﻞ ژﻧﻮﻣﯽ )GWAS(، ده ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي زﯾﻨﺘﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ Gloxinia، ارﮐﯿﺪه Dendrobium و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ درﺧﺘﺎن زﯾﻨﺘﯽ Franklinia alatamaha Marshall و.Cornus florida L، ﭼﻬﺎر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎﻧﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ رز و اﻃﻠﺴﯽ و ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ در ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي رز، ﯾﺎس ﺑﻨﻔﺶ و ادرﯾﺴﯽ و ﯾﮏ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ درون و ﺑﯿﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﺳﺮﯾﺶﻫﺎي اﯾﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻦ روش ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻟﯿﻨﮑﺎژي ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﮐﺸﻒ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ ﻻزم در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي GWAS ،QTL و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ژنﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﺰد ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ژنﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﺘﺮلﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮد. روش ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺗﻮاﻟﯽﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﮐﻢ ﺑﻪ ازاي ﻫﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ روشﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﮋادﮔﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در دﻧﯿﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ و دﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهاي در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ، ﺗﻮاﻟﯽﯾﺎﺑﯽ و به نژادي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن زﯾﻨﺘﯽ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.
چكيده لاتين :
The lack of sufficient genomic information of ornamental plants besides their polyploidy and large genome size are the main challenges ahead of their molecular breeding. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a viable method capable of developing a large number of DNA markers in a short course of time. Currently, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are recognized as one of the most studied and popular DNA markers using for various purposes in plant breeding. GBS (genotyping-by-sequencing) approach is one of the leading techniques that has emerged to evaluate the molecular characteristics of plants possessing complex or non-sequenced genomes using SNP markers. This method has so far been used for breeding and germplasm evaluation of some ornamental plant species including Rosa, Petunia, Hydrangea, and Gloxinia. Among these studies, one study is done to perform GWAS on Hydrangea macrophylla L., ten studies to investigate the genetic diversity of various ornamental species including Gloxinia, Dendrobium orchid, as well as ornamental trees Franklinia alatamaha Marshall and Cornus florida L., four studies to construct and elaborate the genetic map of plants species including Rosa and Petunia, three studies to develop molecular markers in rose, lilac and Hydrangea species and one study to investigate the genetic diversity within and between Iranian Eremurus spp. This is a potential method for examination of genetic diversity of plants, assembling high density genetic linkage maps, discovering the required molecular markers in QTL and GWAS studies, and verifying candidate genes including genes controlling the flowering process. Owing to the high efficiency and accuracy as well as the low cost per marker of this method compared to other genotyping techniques, GBS can be widely used in genetic studies, sequencing and breeding of ornamental plants.
