تحليل تطبيقي عوامل فرهنگي اقوام كرمانج و تركمن در شكل گيري معماري سكونت گاه هاي شهرستان بجنورد از استان خراسان شمالي

Comparative Analysis of Cultural Factors of Kormanj and Turkmen Ethnic Groups in the Formation of the Architecture of Settlements in Bojnourd City of the North Khorasan Province

اقوام كرمانج و تركمن دو قوميت بزرگ در جغرافيايِ ايران هستند. با توجه به گستره پراكندگي اين اقوام در مناطق جغرافيايي داراي فرهنگ و عناصر فرهنگي خاص خود هستند. مسكن اين اقوام نيز داراي مختصاتي و ويژگي­هايي است. از آنجا كه ساختن يك مسكن و كالبد و نظم فضايي آن شديداً متأثر از محيط و فرهنگي است كه به آن تعلق دارد، خوانش و تحليل ساختار و كالبد معماري منازل بر اساس نيازها و فرهنگ مردمان بومي تشكيل­ دهنده آن جامعه مي­تواند طراحان و برنامه ­ريزان را در رسيدن به الگوي ساختار مسكن در آن مرز و اقليم ياري رساند اين تحقيق از نظر نوع هدف كاربردي نظري و از جهت روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، تركيبي(ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ) مي­باشد. يافته­ هاي پژوهش حاكي از اين است كه در خانه­ هاي قديمي اقوام كرمانج، نقش محرميت و ويژگي­هاي جنسيتي در تفكيك­ پذيري فضاها و مرزبندي­ ها نمود بيشتري نسبت به خانه­ هاي اقوام تركمن دارد. ويژگي­هايي همچون محرميت، نقش­هاي جنسيتي، ساختار روابط در خانواده و روابط اجتماعي و شيوه معيشت از جمله ويژگي­هاي فرهنگي هستند كه در شكل­ گيري كالبد سكونت­گاه ­ها در اقوام كرمانج و تركمن نقش بسزايي داشته ­اند.

Kormanj and Turkmen are two major ethnic groups in the geography of Iran. Due to the distribution of these tribes in geographical areas, they behold their own culture and cultural elements. The housing of these communities bestows specific coordinates and features. Subsequently, the construction of a house and its body and spatial order is strongly influenced by the environment and culture to which it belongs, reading and analyzing the structure and body of the architecture of houses based on the needs and culture of the indigenous people that construct that community can aid designers and assisted planners in achieving the pattern of housing structure in that border and climate. This research is theoretically applied in terms of type of purpose and in terms of method combined with a descriptive and analytic outlook. Results indicate that in the old houses of Kormanj tribes, the role of privacy and gender characteristics in the separation of spaces and boundaries are more noticeable than the houses of Turkmen tribes. Features such as privacy, gender roles, the structure of family relationships and social relations and lifestyle are among the cultural features that have played a significant role in the formation of settlements in Kormanj and Turkmen. Research aims: Comparative study of cultural factors of Kormanj and Turkmen ethnic groups in shaping the architecture of settlements in Bojnourd city of North Khorasan province. Recognizing the priority in physical and spatial elements in the architecture of Kormanj and Turkmen ethnic groups. Research questions: Which cultural factors in Kormanj and Turkmen ethnic groups are influential in shaping the architecture of settlements in Bojnourd city of North Khorasan province? Which cultural factors in Kormanj and Turkmen ethnic groups have the greatest impact on the physical and spatial elements of houses in these two ethnic groups and in this region, respectively?