ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آﺛﺎر اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺠﺎزات ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ در ﻓﻘﻪ و ﺣﻘﻮق اﯾﺮان: ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯿﺎت دﯾﮕﺮ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ

An Investigation of the Effects of Alternative Sentences to Imprisonment for Financial Crimes; in Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) and Iranian Law Considering 1Other

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آﺛﺎر اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺠﺎزات ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ، ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ در ﻓﻘﻪ و ﺣﻘﻮق اﯾﺮان و ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯿﺎت دﯾﮕﺮ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﻮل ﺣﺪّ در ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺨﻔﯿﻒ ﻣﺠﺎزات وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد. اﻣﺎ در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺣﮑﺎم ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺣﺪّ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺰﯾﺮ و ﯾﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻧﺸﺪن ﻣﺠﺎزات ﺣﺒﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺪّ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺮم اوﻟﯽﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه، ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﺠﺎزات را اﻋﻤﺎل ﮐﺮد. اﺻﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﯿﻔﺮي ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺴﺎوي ﻣﺠﺎزاتﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ اﺟﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﻣﺘﺨﻠﻒ وارد ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺜﺎلﻫﺎي ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻃﺮح ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ را اﻋﻤﺎل ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ، آﺛﺎر ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﯾﻦ اﻗﺪام ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ در ﺻﻮرت ﺗﮑﺮار ﺟﺮم، ﻣﯽﺑﺎﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺠﺎزات اﺻﻠﯽ ﺣﺒﺲ و ﯾﺎ ﺣﺘﯽ اﻋﺪام را ﺑﺮاي آﻧﺎن اﻋﻤﺎل ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ در ﻓﻘﻪ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﯽ و ﻗﺎﻧﻮنﮔﺬار ﮐﺸﻮر ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ رﺳﻤﯿﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ ﻃﺮح ﻣﺬﮐﻮر، اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻻزم را ﻣﺒﺬول دارﻧﺪ.

The purpose of the present study is to explore the effects of alternative sentences to imprisonment in the case of financial crimes from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) and Iranian law considering other countries’ experiences in this regard. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that since Hadd (limitation) punishment also includes financial crimes, there is no possibility to change or mitigate the sentence. However, the exploration of jurisprudential rules relevant to changing Hadd to Ta’zir and/or exemption of imprisonment as a sort of Hadd show that turning the punishment can be executed for the first offenders in this field. The important principle in the criminal rights called the equality of punishments is also observed by this plan and thereby the worst blow is struck against the violator managers. A survey of the legal cases in other countries having executed the same plan confirmed the positive effects of this measure. Of course, it is emphasized that in case of crime repetition, the main sentence of imprisonment and/or even capital punishment must be executed for them as it is advised in Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh). Therefore, it is suggested to the judiciary chiefs and lawmakers in the country to take necessary measures for the official acknowledgment of the above-mentioned plan