ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﺮي ﻓﻘﻪ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺟﺮم ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ

Criminal Policy of Islamic Jurisprudence in the Field of Political Crime

از آن ﺟﺎ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﺮي ﻓﻘﻪ اﺳﻼم در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺟﺮم ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ و ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳــﺖ ﻟــﺬا ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮرد، ﻻزم و ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ از اﯾﻦ رو ﻫﺪف در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﻧﻈــﺮات ﻓﻘﻬــﺎي اﺳــﻼﻣﯽ در ﻣــﻮرد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﺮي اﺳﻼم در ﻗﺒﺎل ﺟﺮم ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻮال اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ: ﻓﻘﻪ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﭼﻪ ﺗﺪاﺑﯿﺮي ﺑــﺮاي ﺟــﺮاﺋﻢ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ؟ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي و روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑــﻪ اﯾــﻦ ﻧﺘــﺎﯾﺞ دﺳــﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ اﺳﺖ: اﻣﺮوزه ﻋﻤﺪه ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ در ﻓﻘﻪ اﺳﻼم، ﺟﺮم ﺑﻐﯽ، ارﺗﺪاد، ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳﯽ و ﻣﺤﺎرﺑﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺟــﺮم ﺑــﺎﻏﯽ، ﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺰﯾﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﻣﺮﺗﮑﺐ ﺑﻐﯽ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺘﻮر ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﯾﺎ ﮐﺸﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﯾﺎ زﻧﺪاﻧﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و در ﺟــﺮم ارﺗــﺪاد، ﻣــﺮد ﻣﺮﺗﺪ ﻓﻄﺮي ﮐﺸﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد وﻟﯽ ﻣﺮد ﻣﺮﺗﺪ ﻣﻠﯽ در ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﻧﮑﺮدن ﮐﺸﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و زن ﻣﺮﺗــﺪ ﮐﺸــﺘﻪ ﻧﻤــﯽ ﺷــﻮد و زﻧﺪاﻧﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺪ و ﻣﺠﺎزات ﻣﺮﺗﮑﺒﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﺎرﺑﻪ و ﻣﻔﺴﺪ ﻓﯽ اﻻرض در ﻓﻘﻪ، اﻋﺪام ﯾﺎ ﺻــﻠﺐ و ﯾــﺎ ﻗﻄــﻊ دﺳﺖ راﺳﺖ وﭘﺎي ﭼﭗ و ﯾﺎ ﻧﻔﯽ ﺑﻠﺪ اﺳﺖ و در ﺻﻮرت ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳﯽ اﻓﺮاد، ﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﺣﮑﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺰﯾﺮ ﺟﺎﺳﻮس داده اﻧﺪ.

Since no comprehensive research has been done on the criminal policy of Islamic jurisprudence in the field of political crime, so research in this case is necessary and necessary. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the views of Islamic jurists on the criminal policy of Islam It is a political crime and the most important question is: What measures has Islamic jurisprudence taken for political crimes? Fornication is apostasy, espionage and moharebeh, which in the crime of gardening, the jurists believe in ta'zir, and the perpetrator of fornication is either killed or imprisoned by the ruling order, and in the crime of apostasy, the natural apostate man is killed, but the national apostate man repents. Failure to do so is killed and the apostate woman is not killed and imprisoned until she repents and the perpetrators of moharebeh and corruptors on earth are punished in jurisprudence, execution or crucifixion or amputation of the right hand and left leg or denial and in case of spying The jurists have ordered the punishment of a spy.