كليدواژه :
فاصله , شهرهاي كوچك , تحولات فضايي , روستاها و بخش اورامان
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ روﺑﺎط ﺷﻬﺮ و روﺳﺘﺎ دو ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻣﺠﺰا و ﺑﯽﻧﯿﺎز از ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت در ﻣـﻮرد آن ﻫـﺎ ﺑﺎﯾـﺪ ﺑـﻪ رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ و ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎن آن ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺖ. رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ اﺛﺮﮔﺬار و اﺛﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮﺷﺎن، روﻧﺪﻫﺎي ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ و روﺳـﺘﺎ را ﻫــﺪاﯾﺖ ﮐـﺮده و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎت ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻫﺮﯾﮏ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼـﮏ در ﺗﺤـﻮﻻت ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺨﺶ اوراﻣﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ . روش ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺟﻤﻊ آوري داده ﻫﺎ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧـﻪ اي و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﺧـﺎﻧﻮار 1512 ﻧﻔـﺮ ﺑـﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ 307 ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺗﻌـﺪاد 254 ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳـﺖ ﺧـﺎﻧﻮار ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﻣﻮرد ﭘﺮﺳﺸﮕﺮي ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ ﻣﯿـﺰان ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮات ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ در روﺳـﺘﺎﻫ ﺎي ﺑﺎﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﮐﻤﺘـﺮ از 10 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ، 20- 10 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ و ﺑﯿﺶ از 20 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ از ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري دارد. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﯾﮕﺮ، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ روﺳﺘﺎ از ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﻌﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﺑﻌﺪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﮐﻤﺘـﺮ از 10 ﮐﯿﻠـﻮﻣﺘﺮ، 20- 10 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ و ﺑﯿﺶ از 20 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ از ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﯾﮕﺮ، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ روﺳﺘﺎ از ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﻣ ﯿـﺰان ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮات ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي، ﺑﻌـﺪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ دارد. در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺷﺘﻐﺎل، ﮐﺸـﺎورزي، ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ، ﺧـﺪﻣﺎت، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ورزﺷﯽ، ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ و درﻣﺎﻧﯽ، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي و زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﮐﻤﺘـﺮ از 10 ﮐﯿﻠـﻮﻣﺘﺮ، 20- 10 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ و ﺑﯿﺶ از 20 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ از ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري دارﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻣﺠﺎزي و ﻣﯿـﺰان ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـﻪ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد. در ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻋﺪم راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻣﺠﺎزي و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻬﺮ، ﻣـﯽ ﺗـﻮان ﮔﻔـﺖ ﮐـﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﺠﺎزي در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ دﻫﺪ. ﭼﺮا ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﻨـﺪ ي از ﺧـﺪﻣﺎت و ﺗـﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﯿـﺎز ، ﻧﻤـﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﺠﺎزي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و اﻓﺮاد ﺻﺮف اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﺠﺎزي ﯾﺎ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ و ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ ﮐـﻪ اﯾـﻦ ﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﯾﺎ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
According to the current situation, urban and rural relations are not two separate and unnecessary phenomena from each other. Guide and ultimately lead to the development of each. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of small towns in the spatial evolution of surrounding villages in which the Oraman section has been selected as the study area. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the nature of data collection That is based on library studies and questionnaires. The statistical population of the study includes the head of the rural household in the study area. The number of heads of households was 1512 people, which according to the calculation of the Cochran's formula was 307, and then by applying the Cochran's correction formula, 254 heads of households were selected for the sample and questioned. The results of this study indicate that in part of the first hypothesis showed that the rate of development change in villages with a distance of less than 10 km, 10-20 km and more than 20 km from the city is significantly different. In other words, the distance from the village to the city affects the rate of change in rural development. Also, the level of economic dimension, social dimension and political and physical dimension in villages with a distance of less than 10 km, 10-20 km and more than 20 km from the city are significantly different. In other words, the distance of the village from the city affects the rate of change in the economic, social and political and physical dimensions of the villages. The study of components also shows that the rate of employment, agriculture, industry, services, culture and sports, health, sociology and psychological and physical and environmental in villages with a distance of less than 10 km, 10-20 km and more than 20 km They have a significant difference from the city and in the second hypothesis section showed that there is no significant relationship between the amount of virtual communication and the amount of direct visits to the city. No research was found to compare the consistency and inconsistency of the result obtained by the researcher. Explaining the lack of relationship between the amount of virtual communication and the amount of direct visits to the city, it can be said that increasing cyberspace in rural areas can not reduce visits to the city. Because the need to use services and needs can not be dependent on cyberspace, and people just using cyberspace or not to use must meet their needs and desires, which can be direct or indirect.
