تحليل علل ناامني غذايي زنان سرپرست خانوار روستايي شهرستان كرمانشاه و راهبردهاي مقابله با آن

Analysis of the causes of food insecurity of rural household’s headwomen in Kermanshah and strategies to deal with it

ﻧﺎاﻣﻨﯽ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﺻﻠﯽ رﻓﺎه و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﯾﺎﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ و اﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺟﺪي ﭼﺎرهاﻧﺪﯾﺸﯽ ﻧﺸﻮد آﯾﻨﺪه ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه ﻣـﯽ اﻓﺘﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺒﻦ زﻧﺎن ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﺗﺮ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻟﺬا ﻫـﺪف اﺻـﻠﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻞ ﻧـﺎاﻣﻨﯽ ﻏـﺬاﯾﯽ زﻧـﺎن ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه و اراﺋﻪ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ آن ﺑﻮد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑـﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ - ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸـﯽ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ . ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ را زﻧﺎن روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ )2215=N( ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﺟـﺪول ﮐﺮﺟﺴـﯽ و ﻣﻮرﮔﺎن 235 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑـﺰار ﺟﻤـﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت ﭘﺮﺳﺸـﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘـﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ رواﯾﯽ آن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن رﺳﯿﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒـﺎخ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻗﺒـﻮل ﺑـﻮد )0/84- 0=0/79 (. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺣﺪود 85 درﺻﺪ از زﻧﺎن ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار از ﻣﯿﺰاﻧﯽ از ﻧﺎاﻣﻨﯽ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ رﻧـﺞ ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺮﻧـﺪ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻓﺮاد ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﮑﻔﻞ، ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻋﻀﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮار، ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺎك و اﯾﺎب و ذﻫﺎب ﻧﺎاﻣﻨﯽ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽدﻫـﺪ و ﺑـﺎ اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻮاد، ﻧﺎاﻣﻨﯽ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ راﻫﺒﺮد ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻧـﺎاﻣﻨﯽ ﻏـﺬاﯾﯽ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﮐـﺎر اﺿﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮐﺴﺐ ﭘﻮل ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ و ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﺮدن زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل و درآﻣﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ راﻫﺒﺮد ﺿﺮوري ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠـﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎاﻣﻨﯽ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮدن زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎي اﺷﺘﻐﺎل و درآﻣﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳـﺎزي زﻧـﺎن ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳـﺖ ﺧـﺎﻧﻮار ﺷﺪت ﻧﺎاﻣﻨﯽ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﻗﺸﺮ از ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد.

Food insecurity is a major obstacle to the wellfare and development of rural areas and if a serious solution is not found, the future of mankind will be in jeopardy. Meanwhile, rural household’s headwomen are more vulnerable than other groups. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to analyze the causes of food insecurity of rural household’s headwomen in Kermanshah and to identify the strategies to deal with it. The research was carried out by descriptive-survey method. Statistical population consisted of rural household’s headwomen in Kermanshah County (N=2215) by which using Krejcie and Morgan sampling table, 235 women were selected as a sample applying multi-stage sampling method. Research Instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, that its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability (α=0.79-0.84). The results showed that about 85% of women suffer from food insecurity. The results also revealed that increasing the number of family members, and the cost of clothing and transportation increases food insecurity. Food insecurity has decreased by increasing literacy. Based on the results, doing extra work is the most important local strategy used by women to deal with food insecurity.sustainable employment and income was the most important necessary strategy to combat food insecurity.Therefore, by providing sustainable employment opportunities and income through education and empowerment of rural household’s headwomen, the severity of food insecurity in this group of society can be reduced.