تحليل عوامل مؤثر بر كاهش بيگانگي اجتماعي جوانان روستايي شهرستان اردبيل

The Analysis of Effective Factors on Decreasing Alienation of the Rural Youth, Case Study: Ardabil County

ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﮕﺎﻧﮕﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اردﺑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، از ﻟﺤـﺎظ ﻫـﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي، و از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺤﻮه ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻞ ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﺳﺎﮐﻦ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اردﺑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )49297=N(، ﮐﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺗﻌﺪاد 382 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آﻣﺎري اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـ ﻖ روش ﮔﺮد آوري داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﮔﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺌﻮاﻻت ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺑﻪ دو ﺻﻮرت اﺳـﻨﺎد ي )داده ﻫـ ﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾـ ﻪ( و ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸـ ﯽ )داده ﻫـ ﺎي اوﻟﯿـ ﻪ( و اﺑـﺰار ﻣـﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در روش ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ و ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. رواﯾﯽ ﺻﻮري ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ . ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ راﻫﻨﻤﺎ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد30 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ . ﻧﺘـ ﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ از ﺿـﺮ ﯾﺐ آﻟﻔـ ﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒـﺎخ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ ﭘﺎﯾـﺎ ﯾﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ 0/79 اﻟﯽ 0/85 اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ از ﻣﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪ . ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﮑﻨﯿـ ﮏ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﮕﺎﻧﮕﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺗﻘﻮﯾـ ﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ روان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﺑﺎورﻫﺎي دﯾﻨﯽ و ارﺗﻘﺎي ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﺮﺧـﻮردار ي و ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿـ ﺖ ﻓﻀـ ﺎي ﻧﺸﺎط و اﻣﯿﺪواري اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ درﺻﺪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﯾﻦ ﭼﻬﺎر ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ 61/62 ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ . در ﻧﻬﺎﯾـ ﺖ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺑـﺮون رﻓـﺖ از ﻣﻌﻀـﻞ ﺑﯿﮕﺎﻧﮕﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﺎزوﮐﺎري ﺗﺪﺑﯿﺮ ﮔﺮدد ﮐﻪ ارزشﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻨﻮي و اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ارزشﻫﺎي ﻣﺎدي و دﻧﯿﻮي ﺷﻮد.

The aim of the present study was to analysis of effective factors on decreasing of rural youth social alienation decreasing in the Ardabil County. The research method was analytical -explanative survey type. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all youth living in rural areas of Ardabil County in 2016 (N= 49297), among which 382 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0.79-0.85). In order to analyze the data, factor analysis model was used and the results of this model showed the most important factor reduction of youth social alienation in studied region includes four components (reinforcement of social capital, reinforcement of psychological capital, reinforcement of cognitive capacities and religion believes and promotion of enjoinment and overcoming of happiness space and hope) that explained variance and the cumulative variance by the five factors 61.62.