بررسي اثرات گرد و غبار بر معيشت روستاييان (مطالعه موردي: شهرستان نيمروز)

Investigating the effects of dust on the livelihood of villagers (Case study: Nimroz city)

ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر ﻣﻌﺮوف ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎدﻫﺎي 120 روزه در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒـﺎر در ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﻧﯿﻤـﺮوز ﺷـﺪه اﺳﺖ و روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن را ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻋﺪﯾﺪه اي در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ و ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺖ روﺑﺮو ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ . از اﯾـﻦ رو ﻫﺪف ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮات ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر ﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﯿﻤﺮوز ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ي آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ 895 ﺧـﺎﻧﻮار ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول ﮐﺮﺟﺴﯽ و ﻣﻮرﮔﺎن ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه 318 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺧﻮﺷـﻪ اي اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺷـﺪ و ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺑـﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SMART PLS دادهﻫﺎ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ . ﻧﺘـ ﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ از ﺗﺠﺰ ﯾـﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ اﻃﻼﻋـ ﺎت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ و زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ را ﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺖ روﺳـﺘ ﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﻧﯿﻤـﺮوز داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ 0/5 ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ را ﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ و ﮔﻮﯾﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ درآﻣﺪ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﯿﻤﺖ اراﺿﯽ، ﻣﻘـﺪار ﺗﻮ ﻟﯿـﺪ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻻت زراﻋـ ﯽ و ﺑـﺎﻏ ﯽ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾـﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر ﺑﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد دوﻟﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒـﺎر اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮاﻧﻪاي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ را در دﺳﺘﻮر ﮐﺎر ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺎد در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ راﻫﮑﺎر اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﮐﺸﺖ درﺧﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع زﯾﺎد ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﺨﻞ و ﯾﺎ ﮔﺰ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺎدﺷﮑﻦ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪودي ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر را در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﮐﺮد.

Dust storms known as 120-day winds in Sistan have caused the largest dust center in Nimroz city and the villagers with many problems in the field of economic, social, environmental, health and livelihoods have encountered. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate the economic effects of dust on the livelihood of villagers in Nimroz. The statistical population of the study was 895 households that based on krejcie and Morgan table, the number of statistical samples of SMART PLS software and the data is analyzed. The results of the questionnaire data showed that economic analysis by a factor of 0/5 is most effective on rural livelihoods. Statements of this variable include the effect of dust on production costs in the agricultural sector with a coefficient of 0.79 has the greatest impact on the economic sector, followed by a decrease in rural incomes by a coefficient of 0.87, a decrease in land prices by a coefficient of 0/ 78, the amount of crop and garden production with a coefficient of 0.77 and finally agricultural investment with a coefficient of 0.55. Considering the greatest impact of dust on production costs in the agricultural sector, it is suggested that the government should put natural and unnatural preventive measures on the agenda to reduce dust, and also provide financial and non-financial support to farmers to help reduce the production costs of this sector.