بررسي تطبيقي فعاليت زنان روستايي در نواحي جلگه اي و كوهپايه اي مطالعه موردي: دهستان هاي هتكه سوادكوه و بيشه سر قائمشهر

A Comparative Study of Women Activity in Areas of Plains and Foothills Case Study: (Hatke and Bishe Sar Villages the County Shirgah and Qaem Shahr)

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ درﺟﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﯾﮏ ﮐﺸﻮر، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ زﻧﺎن در ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﻘـﺶ ﺑﺴـﯿﺎر ﻋﻤﺪه اﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوه در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﯾﮋه ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻗﺸﺮ ﻋﻈﯿﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ رﻓﻊ ﻣﻮاﻧـﻊ و ﻣﺸـﮑﻼت آﻧـﺎن ﮐﻤـﮏ ﮐـﺮده و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﻬﺮه وري در اﻣﺮ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ رﻓﺎه و آﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدد. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ زﻧﺎن روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺟﻠﮕﻪ اي و ﮐﻮﻫﭙﺎﯾﻪ اي در دﻫﺴﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﻫﺘﮑﻪ ﺳﻮادﮐﻮه و ﺑﯿﺸﻪ ﺳﺮ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺸﻬﺮ ﻣـﯽ ﭘـﺮدازد . روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و از ﻧﻮع ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺗﻌﺪاد 331 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﮑﻤﯿـﻞ و ﺑـﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري T ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ و ﻣﺎن واﯾﺘﻨﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﯿـﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ در زﻣﯿﻨـﻪ ﺷـﻐﻞ ﻫـﺎي آراﯾﺸـﮕﺮي، ﮐﺎرﻣﻨﺪي، ﮐﺎرﮔﺮي و ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري در روﺳﺘﺎ، ﻟﻄﻤﺎت ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﺼﻠﯽ، ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪرﺳـﻪ و ﺷـﺮﮐﺖ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑـﺎت روﺳـﺘﺎ ﺗﻔـﺎوت ﻫـﺎ ﮐـﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻔﺎوت در درآﻣﺪ و ﺳﻄﺢ زﯾﺮﮐﺸﺖ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار اﻣﺎ در درآﻣﺪ و ﺳﻄﺢ زﯾﺮﮐﺸﺖ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺮﮐﺒـﺎت و ﺳﺒﺰﯾﺠﺎت ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري اﺳﺖ. در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي داﻣﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ درآﻣﺪ از ﻓﺮوش ﺷﯿﺮ و دام ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪه اﺳـﺖ . ﻟـﺬا ارﺗﻘـﺎ ﺳـﻄﺢ آﻣﻮزش و آﮔﺎﻫﯽ، اﯾﺠﺎد و ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﺗﺸﮑﻞ زﻧﺎن روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﻌﺎوﻧﯽ ﻫﺎ و اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻫﺎي زﻧﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑـﺮداري ﺑﻬﺘـﺮ و ارﺗﻘـﺎ ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﺖ زنان ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد.

One of the most important criteria for measuring the degree of development of a country is the level of women's activity in the country. Ultimately lead to increasing and improving productivity in agriculture and thus increasing the welfare and comfort of rural society. This study compares the activities of women in the plains and foothills with emphasis on sustainable rural livelihoods in the villages of Hatkeh Savadkuh and Bishehsar in Ghaemshahr. The research method was descriptive and analytical and applied and based on Cochran's formula, 331 researcher-made questionnaires were completed from rural households and analyzed using Friedman, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests. The results show that in the field of hairdressing jobs, staffing, labor and stay in the village, sudden seasonal losses, school-related meetings and participation in village elections have become quite significant. The difference in income and area under cultivation and rice production is quite significant, but in income and area under cultivation and production of citrus and vegetables is not significant. In the field of livestock activities, there is a significant difference between the income from the sale of milk and livestock. Therefore, raising the level of education and awareness, creating and strengthening rural women's organizations, especially in the form of cooperatives and women's associations, is recommended for better exploitation and promotion of women's status.