مطالعه پيامدهاي اجتماعي و اقتصادي شهرك هاي صنعتي بر نواحي روستايي مورد مطالعه: شهركهاي صنعتي شهرستان اروميه

Study of social and economic impacts of industrial zones on rural areas Case study: Industrial Zones of Urmia city

ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﺪن ﻧﻘﺶ ﻋﻤﺪهاي در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ دارد. در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ، اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﺷﻬﺮك ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺛﺮ اﺑﻌﺎد اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺷﻬﺮك ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻓﺎز ﯾﮏ و دو، در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اروﻣﯿﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺷـﺒﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸـﯽ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻃﺮح ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ روﺳﺘﺎﺋﯿﺎن ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﻫﻤﺠﻮار و ﻏﯿﺮﻫﻤﺠﻮار ﺷﻬﺮكﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد 400 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺳﺎﮐﻨﺎن روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي اﻃﺮاف ﺷﻬﺮك ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ )از روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي اﻟﯿـﺎس آﺑـﺎد، ﻗﻬﺮﻣـﺎﻧﻠﻮي ﺳﻔﻠﯽ و ﺟﺎرﭼﯿﻠﻮ( و ﺑﻌﻼوه 400 ﻧﻔﺮ از اﻓﺮاد روﺳﺘﺎﺋﯽ ﺧﺎرج از ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﺷﻬﺮكﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ )از روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن، ﺗﺎزهﮐﻨﺪ و ﻣﯿﺎوق( ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔـﺮوه ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎور ﺷـﻬﺮك ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﯽ و روﺳـﺘﺎﻫﺎي دور از ﺷـﻬﺮك ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. در اﺑﻌﺎد ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي، ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ روﺳـﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺠـﺎور ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي )30/6(، اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زاﯾﯽ )13/5(، رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ )7( ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي دور از ﺷﻬﺮك ﺑﻬﺒﻮد اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي )25/8(، اﺷـﺘﻐﺎل زاﯾـﯽ )10/8(، رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ )5/9( ﺑﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوت، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آزﻣﻮن ﺗﯽ دو ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪاي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﯾـﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎور ﺷﻬﺮك )51/1( و در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي دور از ﺷﻬﺮك )42/6( ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐـﻪ، ﻫﻤﺰﻣـﺎن ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎور ﺷﻬﺮك، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در اﯾﻦ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

Industrialization plays a major role in the economic and social development of rural communities. In the process of industrial development, industrial zones is recognized as one of the strategies for development of rural communities. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the effects of social and economic dimension of phase one and two industrial zones on rural areas in Urmia city. The research method is quasi-experimental which has been evaluated using a post-test design of two experimental and control groups. The statistical population includes villages adjacent to the industrial zones (Ghahramanlou Sofla, Ilyas Abad and Jarchilo) and non-adjacent areas of the industrial zones (Keshtiban, Miyavogh and Tazekend). The results showed that the two study areas, namely the villages adjacent to the industrial estates and the villages far from the industrial estates are different in terms of economic and social consequences. In terms of economic impacts, the average of adjacent villages (economic improvement (30.6), employment (13.5), job satisfaction (7)) was more than villages far from the estates (economic improvement (25.8), employment (10.8), job satisfaction (5.9). This difference showed significant by using the t-test of two independent samples. In general, the average of this variable was evaluated in the villages adjacent to the town (51.1) and in the villages far from the town (42.6). The results also show the impact of the industrial estates on the dimensions of social consequences in the sense that, along with the decrease in migration and increase in the quality of life in the villages adjacent to the estate, enhancement of social harms is also observed in these villages.