نقش سرمايه فرهنگي امام خميني (ره) در انقلاب اسلامي ايران

The Role of Imam Khomeini's Cultural Capital in the Islamic Revolution of Iran

اﻧﻘﻼب اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان ﯾﮑﯽ از آن وﻗﺎﯾﻊ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺑﺰرگ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم و ﻣﻨﺶ اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﯿﻨﯽ )ره( ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﺧﻮرده و ﺑﺪون ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ آن ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻫﻤﻪ ي اﺑﻌﺎد اﯾﻦ اﻧﻘﻼب را واﮐﺎوي ﮐﺮد. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻧﺎﻇﺮان و ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان اﻧﻘﻼب، اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ وﺟﻮد دارد ﮐﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﺨﻮرده ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ در ﺑﺎور ﻣـﺮدم اﯾﺮان اﯾﻦ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ و ﺑﺎ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد، اذﻫﺎن اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺎن را ﻣﺘﺤﻮل ﺳﺎزد؟ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف درك اﺑﻌﺎد ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮ اﻣﺎم )ره( در اذﻫﺎن اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺎن، ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ دﻗﯿﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﺼـﺎت ﻓﮑـﺮ ي و اﺑﻌﺎد ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ وي ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از ﺗﺌﻮري ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ »ﭘﯿﺮ ﺑﻮردﯾﻮ« و ﮐﺎرﺑﺴﺖ روش ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﭘﺪﯾﺪارﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣـ ﯽ دﻫـﺪ وﯾﮋﮔـ ﯽ ﻫـ ﺎي زﺑـﺎ ﻧﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﻣﺎم )ره( از ﯾﮑﺴﻮ و ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎت ﻣﯿﺪان ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﺮان از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ، در ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﯿﺖ ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮ اﻣﺎم )ره( ﻧﺰد ﻣﺮدم و ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺰاﯾﯽ در اﻧﻘﻼب اﺳﻼﻣﯽ داﺷﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫـ ﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻣﺎم )ره( ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﺳـﻼﻣ ﯽ - ﺷـ ﯿﻌﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺳ ﯿﺎﺳـﺖ ﻫـ ﺎي ﺗﺠﺪدﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﮥ رژﯾﻢ ﭘﻬﻠﻮي، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺎن در ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از ﺑﺎورﻫﺎ و اﯾـ ﺪه ﻫـ ﺎي اﻧﻘـﻼب آﻓﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺒﺎدرت ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ.

The 1979 Revolution in Iran is one of those great historical events that is linked to the character of Imam Khomeini and without it, one cannot study all aspects of this revolution. For many scholars of the revolution, there is the question of how an elderly personality was able to change the minds of the Iranian people and transform the minds of Iranians with unique characteristics. This article aims to understand the dimensions of Imam Khomeini's influence in the minds of Iranians, requires intellectual knowledge and dimensions of cultural capital. Therefore, this article uses the theory of cultural capital of "Pierre Bourdieu" and the application of the sociological method of phenomenology shows the linguistic and cultural characteristics of Imam Khomeini and the coordinates of the Iranian political field in the formation of comprehensive legitimacy of Imam Khomeini in people and groups. Politics played an important role in the Islamic Revolution. The findings of the study show that Imam Khomeini, using Islamic-Shiite elements against the modernist policies of the Pahlavi regime, mobilized the Iranians in support of revolutionary ideas.