پديد آورندگان :
معتمدي، مهدي دانشگاه شهيد مدني آذربايجان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، تبريز، ايران , عزيزپور، كامبيز دانشگاه شهيد مدني آذربايجان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، تبريز، ايران , سرابي، وحيد دانشگاه شهيد مدني آذربايجان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، تبريز، ايران , وليزاده كامران، رعنا دانشگاه شهيد مدني آذربايجان - دانشكده كشاورزي -ﮔﺮوه ﺑﯿﻮﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺷﻮرﭘﺴﻨﺪ، تبريز، ايران
كليدواژه :
تنش شوري , تنظيم اسمزي , باميه , رشد و عملكرد
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﺛﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺮ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن، ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ زﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ، ﮐﺎﺷﺖ اﻧﻮاع ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن در اراﺿﯽ ﺷﻮر اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺑﺎﻣﯿﻪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺪﮐﯽ درﺧﺼﻮص ﻋﮑﺲاﻟﻌﻤﻞ آن ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻤﮏ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﻓﻠﺬا ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻣﯿﻪ )Abelmoschus esculentus Moench(، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﺻﻔﺮ، 150 ،100 ،50 و 200 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر ﻧﻤﮏ ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار، در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن، ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا درآﻣﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺷﻮري، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞa، ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ آب ﺑﺮگ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﯿﻮه در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، وزن ﻣﯿﻮه در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، وزن داﻧﻪ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ وﻟﯽ ﺑﺮ درﺻﺪ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺮگ اﻓﺰوده ﺷﺪ. در ﻃﯽ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ، ﺑﻮﺗﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 200 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﻮﻻر ﻣﺪﺗﯽ ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري از ﺑﯿﻦ رﻓﺘﻨﺪ وﻟﯽ ﺑﻮﺗﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺪاوم رﺷﺪ، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ. ﺣﻔﻆ درﺻﺪ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮐﻢ در ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮس در ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ آب ﺑﺮگ را ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در اداﻣﻪ رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه، ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯿﻮه در ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻤﮏ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮد. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﯿﻮه در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻔﺎوت ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ، وﻟﯽ در ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي ﻧﻤﮏ، ﻋﻠﯽاﻟﺨﺼﻮص 150 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﻮﻻر، اﻓﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري در وزن ﻣﯿﻮه در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ رﺳﯿﺪ، ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﮔﯿﺎه در ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي ﺷﻮر ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ds/m 10 ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Despite the negative effects of salinity on plants, due to the limited area under cultivation, planting a variety of plants in saline lands is inevitable. Among them, okra is one of the plants that few studies have been done on its response to different levels of salt. Therefore, in order to study the effect of salinity levels on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench), an experiment was designed based on a randomized complete block design with five treatments including concentration of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM sodium chloride in three replications at the greenhouse of the faculty of agriculture, Shahid Madani University of Azarbaijan. The results showed that by increasing salinity levels, potassium to sodium ratio, chlorophyll a, relative water content, plant dry weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, number of seeds per plant, seeds weight per plant and 1000 grains weight have decreased but amount of sodium and proline have increased. During the experiment, the plants under 200 mM treatment have died shortly after salinization, but plants under other treatments survived until the end of the experiment and produced the yield. Maintaining high potassium content, low reduction in chlorophyll content and no noticeable change in relative water content were factors that led to continuance of plant growth, dry matter and fruit production at different salt concentrations. Although in terms of number of fruits per plant, there was no significant difference between salinity levels and the control, but a significant decrease in fruit weight per plant was recorded at high salt concentrations, especially under 150 mM, which can be an important factor affecting economic yield of okra in saline environments with EC higher than 10 ds/m.
