مدل راهبردي توسعه صنعت ابريشم با تأكيد بر نقش آن در توسعه روستايي

A strategic model (TOWS) for the development of the silk industry with emphasis on its role in rural development

ﺻﻨﻌﺖ اﺑﺮﯾﺸﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞﻫﺎ و اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺧﻮد ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﻃﺮق ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﻣﺤﻮر ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻗـﺮ ار ﮔﯿـﺮد و ﻧﻘﺸـﯽ راﻫﺒـﺮدي در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪه راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ اﺑﺮﯾﺸﻢ در ﮐﺸﻮر اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺗـﺎ از اﯾـﻦ ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ ﺑﺘـﻮان اﻣﮑﺎن ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﺑﺨﺶ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورد. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ و ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه، 12 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ و 11 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ دروﻧﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ و اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪ. در اداﻣﻪ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺪل راﻫﺒـﺮدي )TOWS( اﺳـﺘﺮاﺗﮋ ي ﻫـﺎي ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ اﯾـﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﯿﺺ و ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن آﺷﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ داﺧﻠﯽ و ﺧـﺎرﺟﯽ اﯾـﻦ ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ در ﺳـﺎل 1397 ﺑﻮده و ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﺟﻤﺎع ﻗﻀﺎوت ﻫﺎي 36 ﻧﻔﺮ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻧﺸـﺎن داد، اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي و ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ادﻏﺎم ﻧﻮﻏﺎﻧﺪاري در زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ارزش اﺑﺮﯾﺸﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﺑﻬﺘـﺮﯾﻦ راﻫﺒـﺮد اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ . ﺑـﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳـﺎس ، اﻧﺠـﺎم اﺻﻼﺣﺎﺗﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ارزش اﯾﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ، ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ارزش ﻓﺮآورده ﻫﺎي اﺑﺮﯾﺸﻤﯽ، اﯾﺠﺎد ارزش ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺟﺪﯾﺪ و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Due to its potentials and facilities, the silk industry can be developed in various ways and play a strategic role in rural development. This study aims to provide strategies for the development of the silk industry in the country in order to enable development, especially in the rural sector. To this end, first, using literature and interviewing experts in this field, 12 external points and 11 internal points were identified and prioritized. Then, based on a strategic model (TOWS), the development strategies of this industry were determined. The statistical population of this research is 36 specialists and experts familiar with the internal and external operations and environment of this industry in 2018 and all the collected information has been obtained through the consensus of expert judgments. The results showed that the strategy of reconstruction and strengthening the integration of weaving in the silk value chain is selected as the best strategy. Accordingly, structural reforms have been proposed to improve the value chain of the industry based on improving efficiency, improving the value of silk products, creating value by developing new products and participating in development.