تحليل عوامل دروني و بيروني مؤثر بر صنعت شير روستاهاي استان كرمان

Analysis of internal and external factors affecting the dairy industry in rural areas of Kerman province

ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﯽ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎن ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮورش و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري دام ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي روﺳـﺘﺎﯾﯽ و ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮي دارد ﮐﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺰرﮔﯽ در ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ و ﻓﺮآورده ﻫﺎي ﻟﺒﻨﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﻣﺮدم داﺧﻞ اﺳﺘﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻫـﺎي ﻫﻤﺠـﻮار ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺻﺎدر ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ، ﺑﺤﺮان آب، از ﺑﯿﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ، ﻗﺎﭼﺎق و ﺑﺎﻻ رﻓﺘﻦ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري دام و ﻏﯿﺮه ﺑـﻪ اﯾـﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮏ آﺳﯿﺐ زﯾﺎدي وارد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻗﻮت، ﺿﻌﻒ، ﻓﺮﺻﺖ و ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ ﺷـﯿﺮ روﺳـﺘﺎﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎن از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ دروﻧﯽ و ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻧﻈـﺮ روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﻣـﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده، ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ- ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﺑﺰار ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ SWOT اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ وﺟﻮد ﺗﻨﻮع اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ در اﺳﺘﺎن"ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻗﻮت و ﻋﺪم ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﺷﯿﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ" ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ي ﺿﻌﻒ در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﯿﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﯿﺮ و ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻟﺒﻨﯽ" ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﺧـﺎرﺟﯽ و ﻧﻮﺳـﺎﻧﺎت و اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ دام" ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﯿﺮ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎن ﻧﻘﺎط ﺿﻌﻒ و ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و در ﺷﺮاﯾﻄﯽ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑـ ﺎ ﮐﻤـﮏ اﺳـﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ﺗـﺪاﻓﻌﯽ در ﺟﻬـﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪات ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ.

Due to the different climates, some areas of Kerman province have a good ability to raise and maintain livestock, especially in rural and nomadic areas, which has a large share in providing meat and dairy products needed by people in the province and even exported to neighboring provinces. In recent years, drought, water crisis, loss of pastures, smuggling and rising livestock costs, etc. have caused great damage to this strategic sector.The purpose of this study was to investigate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the dairy industry in the rural areas of Kerman province through the analysis of internal and external factors. The employed tool was a questionnaire and descriptive statistics and SWOT analysis that were used to analyze the information.The results showed that "the existence of climate diversity in the province" is the most important strength and "non-timely payment of milk prices by industries" are the most important weakness in the dairy industry. In addition, "increasing demand for milk and dairy products" was the most important external opportunity and "fluctuations and rising livestock costs" were the most important external threats to the industry. According to the findings of the study, weaknesses and threats are more important in the dairy industry and are in a situation where the system can act with the help of defensive strategy to reduce weaknesses and threats.