طبقه‌بنديِ مجموعه‌كارگان مرتبط با موسيقي كلاسيك ايراني بر مبناي گفتمان‌هاي هويت در درونِ سنت

Classification of Iranian Classical Music Repertoire Based on Discourses of Identity

كارگان مرتبط با سنت موسيقي كلاسيك ايراني، حاوي آثار موسيقايي متنوعي است كه نسبت‌هاي‌ متفاوتي با رديف به‌عنوان كارگان مرجع برقرار مي‌كنند. طبقه‌بندي اين مجموعه‌كارگان‌هاي مرتبط با سنت ايراني براي تحقيق و پژوهش در خصوص جوانب گوناگون سنت موسيقايي امري ضروري به‌نظر مي‌رسد. تحقيق حاضر مي‌كوشد تا با معرفي جريان‌هاي معطوف به هويت در درون سنت، به چارچوب‌ها و مرزهايي براي دسته‌بندي كارگان‌هاي موسيقي ايراني دست‌يافته و الگويي براي آن ترسيم كند. بنابراين، در مرحلۀ نخست، چگونگي پيدايش هويت به مثابه يك مسئله طرح خواهد شد. در اين مرحله با استفاده از مفاهيم هويت مرجع، ديگري و گسترش ارتباط با ديگري، سازوكار شكل‌گيري هويت را به مثابه يك مسئله تحليل مي‌شود. در مرحلۀ دوم، گفتمان‌هاي معطوف به هويت در موسيقي ايراني را با نگاهي استقرايي از طريق تبارشناسي نام‌گذاري‌هاي سنت موسيقايي بررسي مي‌كند. اصطلاحات ملي، سنتي، دستگاهي و كلاسيك معمول‌ترين عناوين براي توصيف سنت موسيقايي هستند. به‌نظر مي‌رسد يكي از شاخص‌ترين موقعيت‌ها براي بروز مسئلۀ هويت،‌ رواج و به‌كارگيري همين عناوين متعدد است. پس از معرفي ويژگي‌هاي اين گفتمان‌ها، با استفاده از نتايج تحقيقي ديگر از همين نگارندگان با عنوان بازشناسي ويژگي‌هاي مركزي موسيقي كلاسيك ايراني به عنوان عناصر هويت‌ساز در اين سنت، با استفاده از روشي قياسي، الگويي هويت‌محور براي طبقه‌بندي كارگان‌هاي مرتبط با موسيقي ايراني ارائه مي‌شود.

The question of “identity” has been a critical problem in the context of Iranian musical tradition. A three step approach is used in this article in order to best address this important and pending issue. First, the authors identify how this problem is built in a society focusing on a musical culture. Secondly, the number and more specifically which discourses are formed around this issue are introduced and discussed. Lastly, the authors propose how to classify Iranian classical repertoire using these data. Initially it is important to explain the conditions of recognizing “identity” as a problem. It seems that reference identity, other’s identity, communication and information development are three critical components in forming the issue. The first refers to a society which has some specific characteristics. The second, “other’s identity” is a reference to a comparison of other cultures with different identity characteristics. In the 20th century, the most significant comparison of other’s identity is with the western culture. The third component has become effective since information technology is influencing cultures specifically in the second part of the 20th century. The second step is analysis of discourses about identity, is discussed through a genealogy of several expressions that are used for naming and explaining Iranian tradition, by different classes of opinions in the culture. The first expression is Melli (national) music. This thought of musical identity comes from an idea that tradition is closely related to national identity which is the conclusion of Alinaghi Vaziri’s school of thought. One of the most prominent characteristics of the discourse, is that it accepts some western musical values as a means to modernizing music. The second expression is Sonnati (Traditional) music which is focusing on a historical heritage as the main identical idea. Reference and the main source of authentication in this thought, is the Radif as classified repertoire of the Qajar era which is the central repertoire of the discourse. The third expression is Dastagahi music which is the name of traditional Iranian musical language. The importance of this expression is due to the specific musicological approach rather than nonmusical nomenclature from the previous categories mentioned. Its approach to the internal content of music is unique and significant in the tradition as a whole. The content of the music in these two last discourses are intergrade able. The last cornerstone expression is ‘Iranian classical music’. This is a music-based terminology and has been used frequently in the last 30 years. This expression tries to overcome the identity challenge by collecting various aspects of words that represent a comprehensive musical perspective. This expression has a wide and unified view about the identity of tradition; while representing its own ideal repertoire that is a continuation from the historical tradition of Iranian music. With reference from another research by the same authors: Recognition of Central Features as Characteristic Elements in Iranian Classical Music (2020), the classification of terminology and repertoire representation brings together the categories of Sonnati and Dastgahi whilst separating Melli repertoire as another genre and using ‘Iranian classical repertoire’ as a general term that represents all of these aforementioned categories. On the other hand, there is a repertoire that could not be classified as part of the Iranian classical context but it’s a part of western classical repertoire which apply some characteristic elements of Iranian music. They are referred to as Iranian-based (western) classical repertoire.