شناسايي و تحليل عوامل مؤثر بر كارآفريني ديجيتال در شركت هاي دانش بنيان استان مازندران

Identification and Analysis of Factors Affecting Digital Entrepreneurship in Knowledge-Based Companies in Mazandaran Province

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺎ ورود ﺑﻪ ﻋﺼﺮي ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﺮﺳﻮم اﺳﺖ، ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ در ﻓﻀﺎي دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان روﯾﮑﺮدي ﻧﻮ در راه اﻧﺪازي ﮐﺴﺐ وﮐﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﯾﮏ ﺗﻔﮑﺮ و اﯾﺪه ﺟﺪﯾﺪ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻻن ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪاي ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ؛ ﻟﺬا ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل در ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي داﻧﺶ ﺑﻨﯿﺎن اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺪف، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﺣﯿﺚ روش اﺟﺮا، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ و از ﻧﻮع ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ، ﺗﯿﻢ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ 10 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ و ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري، ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي داﻧﺶ ﺑﻨﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 197 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺟﺪول ﮐﺮﺟﺴﯽ و ﻣﻮرﮔﺎن 132 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ و ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي از روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ، ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا و در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﻤﯽ، ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ از روش ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار SmartPLS3 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل ، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 39 ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ )ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري- اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي- ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ- اﻓﺮاد- ﻓﻨﺎوري- ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ- ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ( ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري )0/620(، اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي )0/366(، ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ )0/587(، اﻓﺮاد )0/412(، ﻓﻨﺎوري )0/491(، ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ )0/307( و ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ )0/318( ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل در ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎي داﻧﺶ ﺑﻨﯿﺎن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار دارﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ، ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي داﻧﺶ ﺑﻨﯿﺎن اﻣﺮي ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ.

Introduction and Objective: Entering the age that is common in the information society, entrepreneurship in the digital space as a new approach to starting businesses based on a new thinking and idea has found a prominent place among service and production activists. Identification and analysis of factors affecting digital entrepreneurship in knowledge-based companies in Mazandaran province. Materials and Methods: This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of implementation method, descriptive-survey and purposeful, which was performed by mixed exploratory method. In the qualitative stage, the research team consisted of 10 university experts who were selected by targeted method and snowball technique. In the quantitative stage of the statistical population, all managers of knowledge-based companies were 197 people. The sample size according to Krejcie and Morgan table was 132 people and simple random sampling method was used. In the qualitative stage, the content analysis method was used to identify the factors and in the quantitative stage, the structural equation method with the SmartPLS3 software was used to analyze the relationships of the variables. Results: The results of content analysis showed that the factors affecting digital entrepreneurship include 39 components in seven dimensions (structure-strategy-management-people-technology-content-environment). Also, the results of structural equations showed structural factors (0.620), strategy (0.366), managerial (0.587), individuals (0.412), technology (0.491), content (0.307) and environmental (0.318) have a positive and significant effect on digital entrepreneurship in knowledge-based companies. Conclusion: Finally, it can be said that digital entrepreneurship is essential for knowledge-based companies