ارزيابي قابليت سازگاري دهستان هاي دشت نيشابور با سياست هاي حفاظت از منابع آب زيرزميني

The Evaluation of the Adaptability of Rural Districts of Neyshabour Plain to Groundwater Protection Policies

اتخاذ سياست­هاي يكسان در مديريت منابع آب در يك دشت و يا حوضه آبي به دليل ناهمگن بودن نواحي آن، اغلب منجر به كاهش اثربخشي سياست­ها مي­ شود. از اين رو، سنجش قابليت سازگاري ناحيه ­ها مختلف منطقه مورد بررسي با سياست­هاي حفاظت از منابع آب آن، مي­تواند مهم و ضروري باشد. هدف از اين بررسي ارزيابي قابليت سازگاري دهستانهاي دشت نيشابور با سياست­هاي حفاظت از منابع آب زيرزميني مي‌باشد. براي دستيابي به اين هدف، در گام نخست معيارها و زيرمعيارهاي اقتصادي، جمعيتي، محيط­زيستي، آموزشي و فرهنگي و همچنين ارتباطات، انتخاب و آن­گاه با استفاده از روش Fuzzy AHP وزن هر يك معيارها و زيرمعيارها مشخص شد. سپس با استفاده از روش تصميم ­گيري چندمعياره (PROMETHEE) وضعيت هر يك دهستان­هاي دشت نيشابور بر مبناي شاخص موردبررسي در سال 1396 مشخص شد. نتايج نشان داد كه معيارهاي اقتصادي و محيط­زيستي به ترتيب با وزن­هاي 40 و 19 درصد اهميت بالاتري در مقايسه با ديگر معيارها در شاخص قابليت سازگاري دارا هستند. بر مبناي نتايج اين تحقيق سه دهستان اردوغش، مازول و زبرخان داراي قابليت سازگاري بالاتري با سياست­هاي حفاظت از منابع آب زيرزميني در مقايسه با ديگر دهستان­هاي دشت است و دهستان­هاي‌ غزالي، عشق‌آباد و بلهرات در رتبه­ هاي پايين ­تري قرار دارد. به‌منظور افزايش همكاري كشاورزان در دهستان­هاي جنوبي و غربي دشت با برنامه­ هاي حفاظت از منابع آب پيشنهاد مي­شود از سياست­هاي آموزشي و تشويقي مناسب به‌ عنوان سياست­هاي مكمل در اين منطقه­ ها استفاده شود.

Introduction The adaptation of the same water resources management policies in a plain or watershed due to the heterogeneity of its areas generally leads to a reduction in the effectiveness of policies. Hence, the evaluation of the adaptability of different areas of the study area with water resources protection policies can be important and necessary. As a whole, our literature review generally shows that there seem to be no empirical studies that have attempted to consider the economic, demographic, environmental, communication, educational, and cultural criteria in evaluating the adaptability of rural districts of plains or watersheds to groundwater protection policies in the national and international levels. Due to this importance, the aim of the current study is to evaluate the adaptability of rural districts of Neyshabour plain to groundwater protection policies by considering the mentioned criteria. The results of the current study provide valuable information to adopt more comprehensive polices for the protection of groundwater resources in the Neyshabour plain. Furthermore, the findings of this research can be used to simulate economic, social, and environmental models for the case study. Materials and Methode The research methodology of this study consists of three main parts. In the first part, economic, demographic, environmental, educational, and cultural, as well as communication criteria and sub-criteria are selected based on the opinions of experts and the results of previous studies. In the second step, the weights of the criteria and sub-criteria are determined using Chang's fuzzy AHP method. In the next step, the status of each of the rural districts in the Neyshabour plain based on the studied index is determined using a multi-criteria decision-making method (PROMETHEE). The data required for this study are collected from the Statistics Center of Iran, Khorasan Razavi Regional Water Authority, the Khorasan Razavi Agriculture – Jihad organization. In addition, the required data on the average income of farmers in each rural district are collected through face-to-face interviews with farmers in 2017. Results and discussion The results of this study indicate that most of rural districts in the case study are deprived of access to the educational and cultural as well as communication facilities. Moreover, the level of literacy of farmers in this area is very low. All these factors can be considered an obstacle to the proper implementation of water resources management policies in this area. The results show that economic and environmenral ctritera with weights of 40 and 19%, respectively, are of higher importance compared to other criteria in the adaptability index. According to the results of this study, three the rural districts of Ardoghsh, Mazol, and Zeberkhan have a higher adaptability to groundwater protection policies than other the rural districts of plain, and the rural districts of Ghazali, Eshghabad, and Belherat are in the final ranks. Suggestion In order to increase the cooperation of farmers in the southern and western rural districts of the plain with groundwater conservation programs, it is suggested to use appropriate training and incentive policies as complementary policies in these areas. Also, the implementation of supportive policies that lead to an increase in farmers' incomes in region, can play an important role in increasing the cooperation of farmers with water resources management policies.