پديد آورندگان :
اﺳﺪي، ﻧﻮراﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﺳﺎري - ﮔﺮوه ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ , ﻓﺘﺎﺣﯽ، ﻣﺠﯿﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﺳﺎري - ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﺎزرﮔﺎﻧﯽ , ﺗﻘﻮاﯾﯽ، ﻣﺮﯾﻢ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﺳﺎري - ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آموزشي
كليدواژه :
اﯾﺪه ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ , ﺗﺠﺎري ﺳﺎزي داﻧﺶ , ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪي ﻧﻮآوري ﻓﻨﺎوراﻧﻪ , ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي داﻧﺶ ﺑﻨﯿﺎن , ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي
چكيده فارسي :
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ و ﻫﺪف: در دﻧﯿﺎي رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ اﻣﺮوز، ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺶ ﻣﺤﻮرﺗﺮ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺟﺪﯾـﺪ و ﺗﺠـﺎري ﺳـﺎزي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﯽ در ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي داﻧﺶ ﺑﻨﯿﺎن و اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ آﻣﯿﺰ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزار ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿـﺪ و ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻻت
ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺷﺪه و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪي ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﻔﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ.
ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب روش ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﻮرداﺳﺘﻔﺎده، روﯾﮑﺮد ﮐﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ داده ﺑﻨﯿﺎد ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎه ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻫﺪف اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺒﺮﮔـﺎن ﺣﻮزه ﭘﺎرك ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻢ و ﻓﻨﺎوري و ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي داﻧﺶ ﺑﻨﯿﺎن ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺣـﻮزه ي ﮐﺸـﺎورزي ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﺮ در ﭘـﺎرك ﻋﻠـﻢ و ﻓﻨـﺎوري ﻣﺎزﻧـﺪران ﺑـﻮد ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺎ
ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از اﻟﮕﻮي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﻈﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم 15 ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ، ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ اﺷﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺮي رﺳﯿﺪ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ 578 ﮐﺪ ﺑﺎز اوﻟﯿﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ 43 ﮐﺪ ﻣﺤﻮري و 6 ﮐﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﻈﺮﯾ ﺎﯾﯽ ﺣﻮل ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻮري »ﻧﻮآوري ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ«، »ﻣﺸﺘﺮي ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ«، »ﺑﺎزارﮔﺮاﯾﯽ« و »ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ« ﺻﻮرت ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﺷﺪه در ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ راﻫﺒﺮد ﺑﺎزﺑﯿﻨﯽ اﻋﻀﺎء از ﺣﯿﺚ ﺑﺎورﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر اﻋﺘﻤﺎدﭘﺬﯾﺮي، ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺣـﺪ
ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻮري ﺑﺎ اﺗﮑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻓﺮدي، ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺗﯿﻤﯽ، ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﻧـﻮآوري و ﻓﻨـﺎوري، آﻣـﺎدﮔﯽ ﺑـﺎزار، ﺳـﻄﺢ آﻣﺎدﮔﯽ و ﺑﻠﻮغ ﻓﻨﺎوري، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ، درﮔﯿﺮي ذﻫﻨﯽ ﺑﻨﯿﺎن ﮔﺬار و ﺗﻮان داﺧﻠﯽ در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎزﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ، اﯾـﻦ ﺳـﺎزه ﻫـﺎ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﮔﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ - ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﻓﻨﺎوري، ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ، اﻣﮑﺎن ﺳـﻨﺠﯽ و ﻣﺤـﯿﻂ زﯾﺴـﺘﯽ و ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ زﻣﯿﻨـﻪ اي ﺑﺴـﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺳـﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي داﻧﺶ ﺑﻨﯿﺎن، ﻧﻘﺶ ﭘﺎرك ﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﺎوري، ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﻫﺎي دوﻟﺘﯽ و ﻃﺮح و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪ و ﺑـﻪ ﮐـﺎرﮔﯿﺮي راﻫﺒﺮدﻫـﺎي ﺗﺠـﺎري ﺳـﺎزي ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ارﺗﻘـﺎي
ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪي ﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﺎوراﻧﻪ، ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار، رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮي، رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل، ارﺗﻘـﺎء ﻓـﺮوش و ﺳـﻮد، اﯾﺠـﺎد ﮐﺴـﺐ وﮐﺎرﻫـﺎي ﺟﺪﯾـﺪ
ﺧﺪﻣﺖ رﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ.
ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي داﻧﺶ ﺑﻨﯿﺎن ﺣﻮزهي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﺎﯾﺪ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ﻫﺎي ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺧﻮد را در ﮐﻨﺎر ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮار دﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺎري ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻮﻓﻖ
ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺧﻮد دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﻨﺪ و داﺋﻤﺎً ﺑﻪدﻧﺒﺎل داﻧﺶ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد آن در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ارﺷﺪ دوﻟﺘﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﻼش ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ از اﯾﻦ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺎري ﺳﺎزي و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺛﺮوت ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻘﻘﯿﻦ و داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﻨﻨﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction and Objective: In the competitive world of today, agriculture has become knowledge-intensive and is rapidly changing. Therefore, new product development and scientific research commercialization in knowledge-based companies and successful delivery of products and services to the market can improve performance and increase production in agriculture and play an important role in development of the country.
Material and Methods: This research is conducted based on the Grounded Theory and a systemic view with a qualitative approach. The target population includes the experts of science and technology parks and the CEOs of the knowledge-based agricultural companies located in these parks. Using theoretical purposive sampling, after conduction of 15 in-depth interviews theoretical saturation was reached.
Results: Based on the analysis of the conducted interviews, 578 initial open codes were identified and these codes are subsequently reduced to 43 axial codes and 6 selected codes. The final theory is formed around the axial categories of innovation-orientation, customer-orientation, market-orientation, and profit-orientation. The generated theory was modified in terms of credibility through the strategy of members' revision. Further, to ensure the research reliability, the data analysis process, until formation of the theory, was described as much as possible. The results indicate that the axial categories are recognizable by relying on the factors of individual competence, team competence, innovation and technology nature, market readiness, the level of technology preparedness and maturity, support factors, founder's mental engagement, and internal productivity. In addition, these constructs, under the influence of environmental, political-administrative, socio-cultural, economic-financial, technological and legal interfering conditions and the contextual organizational conditions of knowledge-based companies, the role of technology parks and government support and the application of commercialization strategies, lead to sustainable entrepreneurship, improvement of product quality, sales and profit promotion, and better service delivery to community.
Conclusion: the managers of the knowledge-based agricultural companies should align their strategies in order to be able to successfully commercialize their products and should constantly look for new knowledge and its applications in different stages of new product production. In addition, senior public administrators and universities of agricultural sciences must always strive to use these strategies for commercialization of research of scholars and scientists and wealth generation.
