پديد آورندگان :
اسدي، هرمز سازمان تحقيقات آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي - موسسه تحقيقات اصلاح و تهيه نهال و بذر، كرج، ايران , ماهرخ، علي سازمان تحقيقات آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي - موسسه تحقيقات اصلاح و تهيه نهال و بذر، كرج، ايران
كليدواژه :
ذرت دانه‌اي , ارقام , عملكرد , هزينه , منافع خالص نهايي
چكيده فارسي :
يكي از عامل‌هاي تاثيرگذار در بهبود بهرهوري مصرف آب و كوتاه كردن مدت زمان لازم براي تكميل رشد گياهان، اعمال مديريت صحيح كشاورزي همچون تغيير شيوه كاشت ميباشد. دراين پژوهش به منظور بررسي اقتصادي روشهاي كشت نشايي و پيشاندازي رطوبتي (hydropriming) در مقايسه با كشت مرسوم بذر ذرتدانهاي، آزمايشي به صورت كرت‌هاي خرد شده فاكتوريل ( factorial split plot) در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي با سه تكرار در مزرعه مؤسسه تحقيقات اصلاح و تهيه نهال و بذر در استان البرز طي سالهاي 1396 و 1397 اجرا شد. در اين آزمايش چهار تاريخ كاشت (10 تير، 20 تير، يك مرداد و 10 مرداد) در كرت اصلي و سه روش كاشت (كشت مستقيم بذر، بذر پيشاندازيشده رطوبتي و كشت نشايي) و دورگ (هيبريد) سينگل كراس ذرت (704 و 260 ) به صورت فاكتوريل در كرت‌هاي فرعي ارزيابي شدند. تحليل اقتصادي اين پژوهش با استفاده از روش بودجهبندي جزيي، تحليل هزينه و درآمد، سود خالص نهايي تيمارها و بازده فروش محصول انجام شد. بنابر نتايج، ميانگين عملكرد ذرت رقم 704 در روش كشت مستقيم بذر در تاريخ كاشت 10 تيرماه داراي بيشترين عملكرد و برابر 12245/7 كيلوگرم در هكتار بود. البته ميانگين درآمد خالص روش كشت مستقيم بذر ذرت رقم 704 در تاريخ كشت 10 تير 6/123 ميليون ريال در هكتار و بازده فروش محصول 70/2 درصد بوده كه نسبت به روشهاي ديگر برتري داشته است، بنابراين كشت مستقيم بذر رقم 704 در تاريخ كشت 10 تير به عنوان اولويت نخست در منطقه توصيه مي شود.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
One of the effective factors in improving water use productivity and shortening the time required to complete plant growth is proper agricultural management practices such as changing planting methods. In many parts of the world, with proper management of agriculture, efforts are being made to increase agricultural production, and changing the planting method can be one of these factors. Corn is the third strategic crop in the agricultural sector after wheat and rice, because in addition to providing energy for poultry, it is a raw material in industrial production, including the production of various edible oils.
Materials and Methods
In this research, in order to investigating of economic evaluation of seedling and hydropriming cultivation methods in comparison with conventional cultivation of corn seeds, this study was carried out as split plot factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) in 2017 and 2018. The experiment included four planting dates (1 July, 10 July, 20 July, 1 August) in main plot, three planting methods (seed planting, seed hydropriming, transplanting) and two hybrids (KSC 260 and KSC 704) as factorial in sub plots. In this research, for economic analysis used Partial budgeting Method, benefit and cost analysis, marginal net benefit of treatments and the percent of sale return.
Results and Discussion According to the results, the mean of yield in seed planting treatment and with KSC 704 cultivar under planting date until 20 July was 12245.7 kg/ha during experiment years. In seed planting, the sale return of corn grain of 704 cultivar on the 1 July compared to the 10 July and the sale return of corn grain of 260 on the 1 July compared to the 20 July was 7.5 and 17.9% more profit, respectively.In hydropriming cultivation methods, the sale return of corn grain of 704 cultivar on the 1 July compared to the 10 July and the sale return of corn grain of 260 on the 1 July compared to the 20 July was 6.3 and 15.1% more profit, respectively. In transplanting methods, the sale return of corn grain of 704 and 260 cultivars on the 1 July compared to the 20 July was 154 and 95.7% more profit, respectively. In 1 July planting date, the sale return of corn grain of 704 in seed planting to the hydropriming and transplanting cultivation methods was 3.4 and 46.2% more profit, respectively.But, the sale return of corn grain of 260 in seed planting to the hydropriming and transplanting cultivation methods was 9.9 and 141.9% more profit, respectively.Means of net income of seed planting treatment with KSC 704 cultivar under planting date until 20 July was estimated 123.6 Iranian million rial /ha. Sale return of grain maize in this treatment was estimated %70.2, that is more than treatment. Thus, seed planting with 704 cultivar in planting date 20 July as the first priority suggested in target region.
Suggestion
It is suggested that corn farmers, based on the results of research conducted in the regions, produce corn-grain with methods and planting date that has the highest yield and profitability based on agronomy and economic.
