پديد آورندگان :
صداقت، رضا سازمان تحقيقات آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي - موسسه تحقيقات علوم باغباني - پژوهشكده پسته، رفسنجان , عبدالهي عزت آبادي، محمد سازمان تحقيقات آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي - موسسه تحقيقات علوم باغباني - پژوهشكده پسته، رفسنجان
كليدواژه :
پسته , بهره وري , فقرمطلق , نقدينگي , دور باطل
چكيده فارسي :
هدف از اين تحقيق بررسي محدوديت نقدينگي در دسترس و دور باطل فقر در منطقه هاي پسته كاري و روستايي استان كرمان بود. شاخص ترنكوئيست تيل، مدل بهره وري جزئي، ضريب جيني، شاخص نابرابري درآمدي، فرمول آستانه فقر مطلق، روش رگرسيون چند متغيره و تجزيه واريانس، براي بررسي و تحليل موضوع تحقيق به كار برده شد. داده هاي مورد نياز طي دوره زماني 1397-1378 با استفاده روش نمونه‌گيري خوشه اي تصادفي چند مرحله اي و تكميل پرسشنامه از 200 باغ دار پسته كار در استان كرمان جمع آوري گرديد. نتايج نشان داد كه ميانگين بهره وري كل توليد پسته طي سالهاي مورد بررسي به طور متوسط ساليانه 11 درصد كاهش يافته است. سطح زير كشت در آستانه فقر مطلق ، براي سال هاي 1378، (94-91) و 1397 به ترتيب 3/ 0 ، 1/43 و 2/66 هكتار برآورد شد. با توجه به ميزان سطح زير كشت كنوني باغ داران، كشاورزان كوچك و حتي متوسط دچار فقر مطلق مي باشند و نتايج مويد روند فزاينده فقر مطلق و تشديد اين شرايط نامناسب با گذشت زمان است. لذا محدوديت نقدينگي در دسترس و دور باطل فقر در مناطق روستايي و كشاورزي استان كرمان وجود دارد. در پايان براي برون رفت از اين شرايط نامساعد يكپارچه سازي مديريت باغ هاي همجوار، آموزش كشاورزان، اختصاص بودجه دولتي براي ريشه كني فقر مطلق و به كار گيري مديريت فراگير و كارآمد بر مبناي كشاورزي قراردادي توصيه مي شود.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Yield per hectare of pistachios is decreasing both in the whole country and in Kerman province and especially the yield per hectare in Kerman province is very low. (Hasanisadi, 2019) showed that the current cost of pistachio production per hectare is 29944000 and the capital cost of pistachio production per hectare is 48225000(10 Rials). Considering the yield per hectare of 435 kg for Kerman province and the average selling price of 100000 (10 Rials) for each kilogram of pistachios, the gross production income is estimated at 435.5 million(10 Rials), which is less than the total production cost and slightly higher than the current production costs. Under these conditions, pistachio production faces an uncertain future.
Materials and Methods
In order to calculate the total production productivity, the Turnquist Til index, which is one of the most complete and appropriate productivity indices, was used. To calculate the partial productivity, the conventional method of the ratio of total production to inputs consumption was used. To calculate absolute poverty, the method of estimating the minimum income required to meet basic needs, which is one of the most common and widely used methods in this field, was used. To calculate income inequality, income inequality index and Gini coefficient were used. Net profit per hectare was obtained by deducting total production costs from total production revenue. Absolute poverty income is the amount of income needed to provide the basic necessities of life for farmers and their families. The area under cultivation at the threshold of absolute poverty was calculated by dividing the absolute poverty line in rials by net profit per hectare .The amount of liquidity
for the management of pistachio orchards was calculated by deducting the necessary cost of living necessities from net profit obtained from production. Multivariate regression analysis and analysis of variance were used to estimate the factors affecting absolute poverty and income inequality. In this research, using multi-stage random cluster sampling method, the required information was obtained by face-to-face interview survey and completing a questionnaire from 200 pistachio producers in Kerman province (Rafsanjan, Anar, Kerman and Sirjan counties), during 4 consecutive cropping years (2012-2015) were collected. Also, the required supplementary data related to the period 1999 to 2018 were collected from various scientific and statistical sources and finally the collected information was analyzed using SPSS22 software.
Conclusion and Discussion
Based on the results of this study in 2018, the liquidity available to 71% of pistachio growers, who have 27% of the area under cultivation of pistachio orchards in Kerman province is negative. This limited liquidity makes it impossible for the mentioned gardeners to pay the management costs of their production and as a result, their production productivity has decreased in the studied years. Decreasing production productivity on the one hand and increasing production costs and the cost of providing necessities of life on the other hand cause these unfavorable conditions to continue. Therefore, the phenomenon of the vicious cycle of poverty exists in most of the pistachio growing areas of Kerman province and has intensified over time. The present results are consistent with some of the results obtained in the researcher's previous research (Sedaghat, 2002; Sedaghat, 2009; Sedaghat, 2018a; Sedaghat, 2018b; Sedaghat, 2019). Based on the trend observed during almost the last two decades (1999-2018), there is a serious concern and possibility that over time other farmers with moderate and major ownership levels above 2.66 hectares will also fall into this trap of liquidity and vicious cycle. In the event that there is a vicious circle, there is no other way to eliminate it except to break it, and the government and those in charge must intervene to this subject. Suggestions
According to the obtained results, it is recommended that:
- Integration of management of neighboring gardens, with the aim of increasing the productivity of small gardens (small owners).
- Training gardeners, especially in order to improve irrigation methods and garden rejuvenation should be seriously put on the agenda.
- Appropriate budget should be allocated in the annual budget of the government to eradicate poverty, especially absolute poverty
- New management methods in the agricultural sector and especially the pistachio industry should be provided. In this regard, system management based on contract farming is recommended.
- Similar research on other agricultural products both in Kerman province and in other provinces of the country should be done by agricultural economics researchers to determine what other products in the agricultural sector are facing the phenomenon of poverty and underdevelopment.
