راهكار كاهش آلودگي هوا با استفاده از ماليات سبز (مطالعه موردي: شهرستان اردكان)

Solution to Reduce Air Pollution Using Green Tax (Case Study: Ardakan City)

با توجه به مشكلات و بيماري‌هاي ناشي از آلودگي آلاينده‌ها كه به‌علت وجود مراكز صنعتي در شهرستان اردكان مي‌باشد، نياز است كه راه‌حل‌هايي نظير نصب فيلتر هوا، وضع ماليات بر آلاينده‌ها و افزايش قيمت سوخت براي رفع يا كاهش آلودگي، با توجه به سودآوري شركت‌ها در نظر گرفته شود. از اين‌رو هدف از پژوهش حاضر، ارائه راه‌حل اخذ ماليات سبز براي كاهش مخاطرات زيست‌محيطي است. در اين پژوهش از روش ارزش‌گذاري مشروط در غالب تكنيك دوگانه دوبعدي و الگوي اقتصادسنجي لوجيت استفاده شد. همچنين براي جمع‌آوري داده‌ها از 608 پرسشنامه به‌صورت تمايل به پرداخت افراد در سال 1396 در دو بخش آلودگي هواي ناشي از كارخانجات و نصب تابلو و بنر در سطح شهر به منظور تشويق افراد به استفاده از وسايل حمل و نقل عمومي و شناسايي خودروهايي كه نقص فني دارند، در شهرستان اردكان استفاده شد. نتايج نشان داد ميزان تمايل به پرداخت افراد براي كاهش آلودگي هواي ناشي از كارخانجات 32800 ريال و براي كاهش آلودگي هواي ناشي از حمل و نقل نيز 28650 ريال به‌صورت ماهانه براي هر فرد است. متغيرهاي جريمه خودرو آلوده‌كننده هوا و افزايش قيمت سوخت اثر مثبت و معنادار بر تمايل به پرداخت افراد دارند. همچنين متغيرهاي مبلغ پيشنهادي و درآمد از مهمترين عوامل اثرگذار در هر دوبخش هستند. در مجموع ميزان ماليات سبز حاصل از دو بخش آلوده‌كننده صنايع و حمل و نقل در شهرستان اردكان بالغ بر 72235 ميليون ريال در سال مي‌باشد كه مي‌تواند در جهت تاسيس موسسه‌اي مردم نهاد، در جهت كاهش آلودگي هوا استفاده شود.

Introduction: Air pollution in the Yazd-Ardakan plain (due to the presence of 80% of industries in Yazd province, 80% of settlements, daily traffic of one thousand trucks and cars in this area and the direction of the wind to the city), is critical. Due to the problems and diseases caused by pollution from pollutants that are due to the existence of industrial centers in the study area, there is a need for people and officials to eliminate or reduce pollution in the first stage, then a solution that does not harm the profitability of companies and Opponents with it are few, be considered. As a result, due to the lack of applied studies in the field of green tax and air pollution problems in Ardakan city, the main purpose of this study is to investigate ways to reduce air pollution by using green tax for Ardakan city. Materials and Methode: In this study, Contingent Valuation method in the form of two-dimensional technique and logit econometric method were used. The number of samples was 608 by Michel and Carson method. an‎d in 2017, it was distributed among the people of Ardakan city. Also, the willingness to pay amounts were obtained using Pritest, 30,000, 15,000 and 60,000 Rials. Results and discussion: The results showed that the variables of age, income, education and number of households are significant. Among the variables related to air pollution from transportation, fuel prices and fines for air-polluting vehicles have the greatest impact on people's willingness to pay. The amount of willingness to pay to reduce air pollution from industry for each person is 32800 rials per month. As a result, the amount of green tax in reducing air pollution caused by factories was estimated at 385557 million rials per year, which can be used to set up and install filters or help update factory equipment to create less pollution. Also in the field of air pollution caused by transportation, people are willing to pay a sum to an institution to identify polluting vehicles amounting to 28650 Rials per month. As a result, the amount of green tax obtained from this sector is equal to 33678 million rials. In total, the amount of green tax resulting from the two polluting sectors of industry and transportation in Ardakan city is 72235 million rials per year. Suggestion: Due to the activity of the industrial sector in this area, car traffic is a necessary thing that intensifies pollution, and many of these cars are worn out and double the pollution. As a result, it is recommended to identify high-pollution vehicles and remove them from the country's public transport fleet. It is also suggested that appropriate incentive policies be implemented by the government and relevant institutions to expedite the modernization of public transport. Increasing fuel prices is one of the suggestions of the present study, but in order to have a proper policy in this sector, it is better to conduct more studies in the future on green taxes and energy carriers in the country.