كليدواژه :
استان كردستان , تحليل پوششي , كوويد 19 , كارايي اقتصادي , صنعت مرغداري
چكيده فارسي :
فراگيري ويروس كوويد 19 همه جهان و همه بخش هاي اقتصادي را درگير كرده است. بخش كشاورزي نيز از ابعاد مختلف تحت تاثير اين موضوع قرار گرفته است. صنعت مرغداري گوشتي بزرگترين صنعت استان كردستان است كه از جهت هاي گوناگون مانند تامين نهاده ها، تغيير پذيري هاي عرضه و تقاضا تحت تاثير اين فراگيري قرارگرفته است. هدف اين پژوهش، بررسي، ارزيابي و مقايسه توليد، عملكرد و كارايي اقتصادي مزرعه هاي پروش مرغ گوشتي پيش و پس از فراگيري كرونا در شهرستان سنندج استان كردستان بود. داده هاي لازم از طريق پرسشنامه و با روش نمونه گيري تصادفي ساده به دست آمد. داده هاي گردآوري شده مربوط به دو دوره پرورش در پاييز 1398 پيش از فراگيري و در پاييز 1399 پس از فراگيري مي باشند. معيارهاي كارايي با استفاده از الگوي تحليل پوششي محاسبه و تفاوت ميانگين ها با استفاده از آزمون t زوجي ميانگين ها مقايسه شد. يافته ها نشان داد در دوره پس از فراگيري، نسبت به دوره پيش از شيوع ويروس كوويد 19، ميزان جوجه ريزي مزرعه ها تفاوت قابل توجهي نداشت؛ در مزرعه هاي كوچك و متوسط كاهش اندكي در توليد مشاهده شد؛ با اينحال مزرعه هاي بزرگ افزايش توليد داشتند. در همين حال، سن كشتار و ضريب تبديل دان به گوشت افزايش نشان دادند. همچنين، فراگيري بر كارايي فني مزرعه ها تاثير معني داري نداشته است، اما كارايي تخصيصي و اقتصادي را به نحو معني داري تحت تاثير قرار داده و موجب كاهش اين كارايي ها شده است. از اين رو، به عنوان يك پيشنهاد سياستي، ضرورت دارد مالكان و مديران فني مزرعه هاي مرغ گوشتي در چنين شرايط بحراني توجه ويژه اي به مسئله هاي مديريتي و اقتصادي از طريق زمان بندي فعاليت ها داشته باشند به گونه اي كه تا حد امكان از گسترش پيامدهاي اين آسيب بكاهند.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
The Covid-19 virus pandemic has affected the entire world and all economic sectors. The agricultural sector has been affected by this crisis from various dimensions, too. The broiler industry is the largest industry in Kurdistan province, which has been affected by this pandemic in various ways, such as supply chain of inputs, changes in supply and demand structures. The broiler industry of Kurdistan province has directly and indirectly created employment for about 14,000 people. Kurdistan province has more than 750 active broiler farms, which use about 15 million broiler chicken pieces in each period and 60 million pieces per year. Kurdistan province produces about 4% of the country's chicken meat. This study aims to investigate and estimate the implications of the Corona pandemic on production, performance and economic efficiency of broiler farms in Sanandaj township, Kurdistan province, Iran.
Materials and Methode
Production and performance criteria were extracted from summarizing and comparing data in Excel software. To estimate the efficiency criteria by data envelopment analysis model, DEAP software was used; and in order to evaluate the difference between the means, the matched-pairs t-test was conducted in SPSS software. Necessary data were obtained through a simple random sampling method. The collected data were related to two breeding periods in autumn 2019 before the pandemic, and autumn 2020 after the pandemic. All production, performance and efficiency measures calculated and compared in pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods.
Results and discussion The results showed that the total number of day-old chicks in pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods was not significantly different. Total production of small and medium farms decreased slightly in the post-pandemic period; whilst total production in large farms, due to the increase in weight of chickens, not only did not decrease but also increased significantly. The grain-to-chicken conversion ratio increased on all farms, so that more grain was used to produce one kilogram of chicken, in the post-pandemic period. The reason for this could probably be the irregularity in the sales process and the increase in the number of storage days. The age of slaughter increased in all farms in the post-pandemic period, significantly. Due to the increase in slaughter age, the average weight of chickens at slaughter also increased significantly. Furthermore, the percentage of losses in all farms showed a significant increase. Regarding efficiency, no significant difference was found in the average technical efficiency of broiler farms before and after the corona outbreak. Nevertheless, the difference between the average allocation and economic efficiency of the farms in the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods were significant; In all three capacity groups, there was a significant decrease in both allocation efficiency and economic efficiency in the post-pandemic period.
Suggestion
The results showed a significant decrease in allocative and economic efficiency of the farms in post-pandemic relative to pre-pandemic periods, therefore, more attention is needed by managers and policy makers in the private and public sectors to develop and implement a special and alternative program for emergencies like COVID-pandemic.
In order to limit the reduction of allocation and economic efficiency, which play an important role in maintaining the motivation of production and continuity of product supply, it is suggested that broiler farms develop managerial and economic strategies including scheduling and mechanizing the process of supplying inputs and selling the product.
