مقايسه اثر پروبيوتيك با آنتيبيوتيك بر عملكرد ، ميكروبيولوژي روده، ريخت شنا سي پرزهاي روده كوچك و فراسنجه هاي خوني بلدرچين ژاپني

Comparison the effect of probiotic with antibiotic on performance, intestinal microbiology and morphology of villi and blood parameters of Japanese quail

ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﯽروﯾﻪ آﻧﺘﯽﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ آﻧﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮑﯽ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ژنﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوم آﻧﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏﻫﺎ از ﺣﯿﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوب ﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧ ﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ را ﺑﺮاي آن ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻫﺪف اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از 420 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﻠﺪرﭼﯿﻦ ژاﭘﻨﯽ ﯾﮏ روزه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 35روز در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 7ﺗﯿﻤﺎر، 3 ﺗﮑﺮار و 20ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﯿﺮه ي ﺷﺎﻫﺪ و ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﺴﯿﻦ و وﯾﺮﺟﯿﻨﺎﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ 10 درﺻﺪ )0/25، 0/5و 0/75درﺻﺪ( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در ﮐﻞ دوره ﭘﺮورش ﻣﻘﺪار ﺧﻮراك ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺣﺎوي ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﺴﯿﻦ و وﯾﺮﺟﯿﻨﺎﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ )0/05>P(. اﺛﺮ ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﺴﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ وزن زﻧﺪه، ﻻﺷﻪ آﻣﺎده ﻃﺒﺦ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ وزن روزاﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﺴﯿﻦ وزن زﻧﺪه و ﻻﺷﻪ آﻣﺎده ﻃﺒﺦ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد ) 0/05>P(. ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺣﺎوي 0/25 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﺴﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ وزن زﻧﺪه و وزن ﻻﺷﻪ آﻣﺎده ﻃﺒﺦ را داﺷﺖ )0/05>P(. ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﺮآﺳﻨﺠﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﻮﻧﯽ ﮔﻠﻮﮐﺰ، ﮐﻠﺴﺘﺮول، ﺗﺮي ﮔﻠﯿﺴﺮﯾﺪ، ﻟﯿﭙﻮﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ داﻧﺴﯿﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ، ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ و ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ و ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن اوره اي ﺧﻮن ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ )0/05>P(. ﮐﻞ ﮐﻠﻮﻧﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﮑﺮوارﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻤﯽ در ﺟﯿﺮه ﺣﺎوي 0/75 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﺴﯿﻦ ﯾﺎ 0/5 درﺻﺪ وﯾﺮﺟﯿﻨﺎﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد )0/05>P(. ﺟﯿﺮه ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﺴﯿﻦ و وﯾﺮﺟﯿﻨﺎﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮐﻠﻮﻧﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﯿﺪ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﯾﮑﻮﻻي، ﺣﺬف ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﻼ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ارﺗﻔﺎع، ﻋﺮض و ﻋﻤﻖ ﮐﺮﯾﭙﺖ ﭘﺮزﻫﺎي اﯾﻠﺌﻮم و ژژﻧﻮم ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ )0/05>P(، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ ﭘﺮوﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ آﻧﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮي ﮐﺮد، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ در ﻣﻮاردي اﺛﺮات ﺑﻬﺘﺮ و ﻣﻔﯿﺪﺗﺮي ﻧﯿﺰ داﺷﺖ، ﭘﺲ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮوﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﺴﯿﻦ را ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي آﻧﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ وﯾﺮﺟﯿﻨﺎﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ در ﺟﯿﺮه ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﮐﺮد

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics promotes the development of antibiotic resistance and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from animal to human microbes, Therefore, alternatives should be introduced. This experiment was conducted to this purpose. The 420 1-day-old Japanese quail randomly were allocated in seven experimental treatments, 3 replicate and 20 quail per replicate. The experimental treatments were control diet, and three level from the protexin and virginiamycin (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75%). Compared with control feed intake was reduced by fed treatments containing protexin and virginiamycin in whole period of experiment (P<0.05). The effect of protexin on live and carcass weight and average daily gain was significant; as live body and carcass weight in protexin group was more than control (P<0.05). The diet containing 0.25% protexin had the highest live and carcass weight. The concentration of all measured blood parameters, excepted for IgA and IgG, affected by protexin and virginiamycin in the diet (P<0.05). The whole colonies of microorganisms, in diet contained 75% protexin or 5% virginiamycin were higher than the control (P>0.05). The Supplemental protexin and virginiamycin resulted to increased the colonies of beneficial bacteria, reduced the population of Escherichia coli, removing of salmonella and increased of the height, width and crypt depth of ileum and jejunum villi in compared to the control. Therefore, the effects of probiotics were matched not only with the effects of antibiotics, but in some cases also had advantages. Therefore, the use of probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics may be recommendable in the diet of birds.