پديد آورندگان :
ﺳﻔﯿﺪي، ﮐﯿﻮﻣﺮث داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺤﻘﻖ اردﺑﯿﻠﯽ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪة ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ - گروه ﻋﻠﻮم و ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ , ﺻﺎدﻗﯽ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻣﻌﯿﻦ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﯿﻠﻮاﻧﯿﺎي ﺑﺮاﺷﻮو روماني - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﺟﻨﮕﻠ ﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ - ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ
كليدواژه :
اكوهيدرولوژي جنگل , توزيع اجزاي باران , دورۀ برگدار , دورۀ بي‌برگي
چكيده فارسي :
ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮآوردﮐﻨﻨﺪة ﺑﺎران رﺑﺎﯾﯽ، ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﯿﺎن آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺪل ﻫـ ﺎي Gash ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮد را دارﻧـﺪ. ﻫـﺪف اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴـﮥ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﮐـﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣـﺪل ﻫـ ﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑـﯽ ﻣﺒﻨـ ﺎي اﺻـﻼح ﺷـﺪ ة Gash در ﺑـﺮآورد ﺑـﺎران رﺑـ ﺎﯾﯽ ﺗـﻮدة راش ﺷــﺮﻗﯽ )Fagus orientalis Lipsky( در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﻫﮑﻞ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن ﺑﻮد. در ﻃﯽ دورة ﯾﮑﺴـﺎﻟﻪ ) ﻓـﺮورد ﯾﻦ ﺗـﺎ اﺳـﻔﻨﺪ 1394(، ﻣﻘـﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑـﺎران، ﺗﺎج ﺑﺎرش و ﺳﺎﻗﺎب در ﺗﻮدة ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي و ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺎران رﺑﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺎران رﺑﺎﯾﯽ، ﻣـﺪل ﻫـ ﺎي 1-Gash و 2-Gash اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ دو ﻣﺪل ﻃﯽ ﺳﻨﺠﻪ ﻫﺎي زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ، دورة ﺑﺮگ دار و دورة ﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﮔﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﻠﯽ، ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي اﮐﻮﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺗﺎج ﭘﻮﺷﺶ و ﺗﻨﻪ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﺠﻪ ﻫﺎي زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، اﺧﺘﻼف ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮي داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻨﺠﮥ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ، ﻣﺪل 2-Gash ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮي از ﻣﺪل 1-Gash داﺷﺖ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪل، در ﺑﺮآورد ﺑﺎران رﺑﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﻮد )ﺧﻄﺎي ﺑﺮآوردي: 8/8+ درﺻﺪ؛ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ: 0/92(. ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي اﮐﻮﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژي ﺟﻨﮕﻞ در ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﭘﻬﻦ ﺑﺮگ ﺧﺰان ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﯾﺪ در ﺳﻨﺠﻪ ﻫﺎي زﻣـﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺠﺰا ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﻮد، زﯾﺮا رﻓﺘﺎر اﮐﻮﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺗﺎج ﭘﻮﺷﺶ در زﻣﺎن، ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ. ﺿﻤﻦ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺳﻨﺠﮥ زﻣـﺎﻧﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ، ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرا در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻨﺠﮥ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ و در ﻫﺮ ﺗﻮدة ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ ﻣﺪل ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮآورد ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﺎران رﺑﺎﯾﯽ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻫﯿﺮﮐﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺷﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
The most common models for estimating rainfall interception are physical-based models, of which Gash models are the most widely used. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficiency of revised Gash models in estimating the rainfall interception of Fagus orientalis Lipsky in Siahkal forests, Gilan province. During the one-year measurement period in the study plot (March 2015 to March 2016), gross rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow values were collected and the amount of rainfall interception was computed. For modeling rainfall interception, Gash-1 and Gash-2 models were selected, and the performance of these two models was evaluated during time scales: annual, leafed, and leafless periods. The results showed that in general, canopy and trunk echohydrological parameters were obviously different amongst time scales. In all time scales studied, the Gash-2 model performs better than the Gash-1 model, and the most appropriate performance of Gash-2 model is in estimating annual interception (estimation error: +8.8%; efficiency coefficient: 0.92). In summary, it can be said that forest ecohydrological processes in deciduous broadleaf stands should be studied separately during different time scales, because the ecohydrological response of canopy cover in different time scales is varied. Also, different models in different time scales do not have the same performance. Hence, further studies are needed to determine the efficient models in each time scale of each forest stands, and by obtaining the appropriate model, we can help to accurately estimate the interception in Hyrcanian forests.
