طراحي و اصلاح شبكۀ جاده هاي جنگلي به منظور توسعۀ گردشگري و روستايي در منطقۀ ارسباران

Planning and modifying the forest road networks for tourism and rural development in Arasbaran area

ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي اﺻﻮﻟﯽ ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي و روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﺎذﺑﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻔﺮﺟﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪة ارﺳﺒﺎران اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺒﮑﮥ ﺟﺎده ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻪ ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﻔﺮﺟﯽ و روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ArcGIS ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و از ﺟﻬﺎت ﻓﻨﯽ، ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﺒﮑﮥ ﺟﺎدة ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﯿﻨﮥ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ وارﯾﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺒﮑﮥ ﺟﺎدة ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﺷﺒﮑﮥ ﺟﺎدة ﺑﻬﯿﻨﮥ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺒﮑﮥ ﺟﺎدة اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. از ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪه، ﮔﺰﯾﻨﮥ 10 در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮي دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﻔﺮﺟﯽ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ، ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻫﺎي 4/93 ،4/17 و 5/86 ﻣﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﺰﯾﻨﮥ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﺻﻼح ﺷﺒﮑﮥ ﺟﺎدة ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﺒﮑﮥ ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎي اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻫﺎي 4/66 ،3/98 و 5/55 ﻣﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ 76/19 ،72/7 و 78/33 درﺻﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﮥ وارﯾﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺎ، ﺷﺒﮑﮥ ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﯿﻨﮥ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺒﮑﮥ ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎي اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮي در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺒﮑﮥ ﺟﺎدة ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي اﺻﻮﻟﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ ارﺳﺒﺎران ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ روﻧﻖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﻮد.

Tourism development by planning the principles of access roads can help the management and development of villages in natural and protected areas. This study aimed at planning and developing the access roads to achieve the tourism and rural areas as the recreational attractions in Arasbaran protected area. For this purpose, the road network options were designed for three different scenarios to access the recreational and rural areas in GIS environment and evaluated in terms of technical, environmental and socio-economic aspects. In the next stage, the existing road network was modified according to the optimal-designed road options. Finally, the modified versions of the existing road network were proposed for tourism development and management in the region. Thus, the variants of the existing road network, the optimal-designed road network and the modified-road network were evaluated and compared. Moreover, among the designed options, the 10th option in three different scenarios to access the recreational areas and the minimum, medium, and maximum villages with densities of 4.17, 4.93, and 5.86 mha-1, respectively, was chosen as the optimal option to modify the existing road network. Finally, the modified road networks with densities of 3.98, 4.66, and 5.55 mha-1 and accessibilities of 72.7, 76.19, and 78.33 percent were proposed for these three scenarios. According to assessment and comparison of the variants, the optimal-designed road networks and the modified road networks were identified as the better alternatives compared to the existing road network. Tourism management and development in Arasbaran by principled planning and development of access roads can lead to prosperity of economic activities and improve the rural development in this area.