پديد آورندگان :
رﺣﯿﻢ زاده، ﻗﺪرت داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان , ﻧﺠﻔﯽ ﻓﺮ، ﻋﻠﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن اﯾﻼم - بخش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ , ﻣﯿﺮزاﯾﯽ ﻣﻼاﺣﻤﺪ، رﺣﯿﻢ ، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﻣﺆﺳﺴﮥ آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي
كليدواژه :
آذربايجان غربي , ارتفاع از سطح دريا , پوكي بذر , زاگرس شمالي , طول خوشه , طول ميوه , عرض ميوه
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﺬر ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن، ﻣﻨﺸﺄ اﺻﻠﯽ زادآوري ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﻪ روش داﻧﻪزاد اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺨﺸـﯽ از ﻣﺸـﮑﻼت ﻧﺒـﻮد زادآوري ﻃﺒﯿﻌـﯽ در ﺟﻨﮕـﻞ ﻫـﺎي زاﮔﺮس، ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﺑﺬر ﺳﺎﻟﻢ، رﺳﯿﺪه و ﺑﺎﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ. اﻓﺰون ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ درﺧﺘﺎن، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺗﻮﻟﯿـﺪ ﺑﺬر ﺳﺎﻟﻢ و ﺑﺎﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﻧﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﺳﻄﺢ درﯾﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻤ ـ ﯽ ﺑـﺬر ﺑﻨـﻪ در ذﺧﯿﺮهﮔﺎه ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ ﺑﻨﻪ واﻗﻊ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ ﮐﻼهﻧﻮﮐﺎن اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ دﻗﯿﻖ اﺛﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﺳـﻄﺢ -1950،1750-1850 ،1650-1750 ،1550-1650 ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘـﻨﺞ ﻃﺒﻘـﻪ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ100درﯾﺎ، ذﺧﯿﺮهﮔﺎه ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺧﺘﻼف ارﺗﻔﺎع 1850 و 1950-2050 ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ذﺧﯿﺮهﮔﺎه در ﺧﻼف ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺗﺮاز ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ 77 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﮥ ﯾـﮏ ﻫﮑﺘﺎري )100 ﻣﺘﺮ ×100 ﻣﺘﺮ( ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪ و در ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ، ﺳﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﮥ ﺑﺬرده ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻄﻮرﺗﺮﯾﻦ، ﮐﻢ ﻗﻄﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﯾﮏ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧـﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ )در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﯿﺐ، ﺟﻬﺖ داﻣﻨﻪ و ﺧﺎك(. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 231 درﺧﺖ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و از ﻫـﺮ درﺧـﺖ ﭘـﻨﺞ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺟﻬﺎت ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ، ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ، ﺷﺮﻗﯽ، ﻏﺮﺑﯽ و ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺎج ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﺬر ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻃـﻮل ﺧﻮﺷﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﯿﻮه در ﺧﻮﺷﻪ، ﻃﻮل ﻣﯿﻮه، ﻋﺮض ﻣﯿﻮه، وزن ﻣﯿﻮه، وزن ﺑﺬر و درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮﮐﯽ ﺑﺬر در ﻫﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﮥ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ ﺛﺒـﺖ ﺷـﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﮥ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﮥ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﮐﺮوﺳﮑﺎل- واﻟﯿﺲ و آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪاي ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﮥ داﻧﮑﻦ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻫﻤﮥ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ وزن و درﺻﺪ ﭘـﻮﮐﯽ ﺑـﺬر در ارﺗﻔﺎﻋـﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ از ﺳـﻄﺢ درﯾـﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﻮد. ﻃﻮل ﺧﻮﺷﻪ و ﻃﻮل ﻣﯿﻮه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﺳﻄﺢ درﯾﺎ روﻧﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺸـﯽ و ﻋـﺮض ﻣﯿـﻮه روﻧـﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺸـﯽ داﺷـﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ در ﻃﺒﻘﮥ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ 1550 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻃﻮل ﺧﻮﺷﻪ، ﻃﻮل ﻣﯿﻮه و ﻋﺮض ﻣﯿﻮه ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 9/73 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ و 4/82 و 3/6 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از دﯾﮕﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﺳﻄﺢ درﯾﺎ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﯿﻮه در ﺧﻮﺷﻪ روﻧﺪي ﻧـﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ و وزن ﻣﯿﻮه روﻧﺪي اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ داﺷﺖ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ دو ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ در ﻃﺒﻘﮥ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ 1650 ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 41 ﻋﺪد و 0/1651 ﮔـﺮم ، ﮐﻤﺘـﺮ از ﻃﺒﻘﺎت دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﭘﻮﮐﯽ ﺑﺬر ﻧﯿﺰ در داﻣﻨﮥ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ 1750 ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 36/88 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪه ﺷـﺪ. ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ، ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﯿﮥ ﺑﺬر ﻣﺮﻏﻮبﺗﺮ و ﺑﺎﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺗﺮ از اﯾﻦ داﻣﻨﮥ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺑﺬرﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
Plant seeds are the main sources of natural reproduction. Lack of natural reproduction in the Zagros forests is due to lack of healthy, ripe and quality seeds. In addition to the genetic characteristics of trees, environmental factors are also effective in producing healthy and quality seeds. This study wasis performed in order to investigate the effect of above sea level on the quantitative characteristics of Pistacia atlantica seeds in Kolahanokan reserve, which is one of the pistacia atlantica reserves in West Azerbaijan province. Unlike other similar researches, in order to Investigate the effect of sea level, the reservoir is divided into 5 classes with a height difference of 100 meters, including 1550-1650, 1650-1750, 1750-1850, 1850-1950, 1950- 2050 meters more ever, in order to increase the height, the reserve area was divided into 77 sample plots of one hectare (100m × 100 m). In each sample plot, three seed-giving trees including the thickest, smallest and one middle diameter were selected under the same conditions (slope factor, slope direction and soil). A total of 150 trees were selected and 5 clusters from each rootstock were randomly collected in the north, south, east, west and center of the crown collection and physical characteristics of seeds including: cluster length, number of fruits per cluster, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, grain weight and seedlessness percentage in each altitude class were evaluated. Analysis of variance and comparison of means were performed using F test, Duncan multiple comparison test and Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively.s
