شناسايي مورفولوژيكي كَوَرهاي (Capparis spinosa) منطقه شيت زنجان و بررسي خواص كمي، كيفي و فيتوشيميايي ميوه‌هاي آن

Morphological identification of Zanjan shit's region capers (Capparis spinosa) and its fruits qualitative and quantitative and photochemical Assessment

گياه كور (Capparis spinosa)، يكي از گياهان مهم و نادري است كه شرايط سخت را تحمل ميكند. كور ميتواند براي احياي خاكهاي شور و آهكي و آيش مورد استفاده قرار گيرد. گياه بالغ، سيستم ريشه اي گستردهاي را توليد ميكند كه به عمق خاك نفوذ مينمايد. همچنين كانوپي رويشي كور سطح خاك را ميپوشاند و به علت اين دو ويژگي گياه در كنترل فرسايش خاك و حفظ رطوبت خاك موثر است. با هدف حفظ اين گياه با ارزش غذايي، دارويي، صنعتي و پوششي، شش ناحيه در منطقه شيت طارم (با مساحتي بالغ بر 350 هكتار) به صورت تصادفي انتخاب شد. 18 صفت فنوتيپي و 4 صفت فيتوشيميايي مربوط به كور اندازه گيري و آناليز گرديد. آناليزها حاكي از وجود تفاوت معنيدار (در سطح 1 درصد) در تمام صفات مورد مطالعه به غير از عرض برگ، طول دمبرگ، طول دم ميوه و طول خار كه در سطح 5 درصد معنيدار بود. در بين صفات مورفولوژيكي با روش آناليز خوشه اي، چهار خوشه با روش پيوستگي بين گروهي در استفاده از روش مربع فاصله اقليدس بدست آمد. نتايج مولفه هاي اصلي نشان داد كه صفاتي مانند اندازه گل و ميوه و اجزا آن ها، تعداد شاخ ساره هاي اصلي و فرعي و اندازه برگ از صفات اصلي متمايز كننده منطقه بود. بيشترين ميزان فنول كل و فعاليت آنتي اكسيداني مربوط به منطقه 6 و پس از آن منطقه 2 بود. در بررسي تجزيه كلاستر صفات فيتوشيميايي، در برش از فاصله 5 واحد اقليدسي مكانهاي رويش گياه كَوَر به سه دسته جداگانه تقسيم شدند. نتايج نشاندهنده وجود تنوع مورفولوژيكي بين 6 جمعيت كور بود كه براي ارائه نقطه نظرات جامعتر لازم است آناليزها با اكوتيپهاي بيشتر و نشانگرهاي مولكولي تكميل شوند.

Determining the morphological characteristics of each plant is an important criterion in generating information for breeding programs. Understanding the vegetation of the region provides planners with a sound vision of the future. Zanjanchr('39')s Tarom Sheet area is a desert state and only allows certain species to grow. In this area, the plants are highly resistant to drought and with unpredictable rainfall. Capparis spinosa, one of the most important multifunctional plants, is of less concern to the inhabitants of these areas and grows in places with minimal rainfall and sandy soils. It is one of the rare plants that can withstand this harsh condition. Unfortunately, the plant is under threat from genetic erosion, pests and severe grazing. In order to preserve this valuable food, medicinal, industrial and cover crop and evaluate the genetic diversity of six blind populations of the region under 752 hectare conditions, the area was randomly selected. 18 phenotypic and quantitative traits and 4 qualitative traits were measured and analyzed. Multivariate analysis was performed using SAS 9.1 statistical software and one-way correlation coefficient was determined by Pearson method. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the data. Data analysis using these methods showed the relationships between the studied populations. Principal component analysis helped to create patterns of diversity and identified germplasm of the studied populations in the blind, taking into account the main traits, the existence of blind diversity in the Sheet area. The analysis showed a significant difference (at 1% level) in all studied traits with the exception of width, petiole length, width of spleen and spine length which was significant at 5% level. Among 18 morphological traits by cluster analysis, four clusters were obtained by Euclidean square method using intergroup linkage method. The first three principal components accounted for about 81.34% of the total variation among the 18 traits. The results of principal components showed that traits such as flower and fruit size and their components, number of main and secondary shoots and leaf size were the main distinguishing traits in the blinds of Sheet area. The highest amount of total phenol and antioxidant activity belonged to region 6 and then region 2. In cluster analysis of phytochemical traits, in cut from 5 Euclidean units it was observed that Capparis spinosa growth sites are divided into three separate groups. In the first group are places 1, 4 and 3. 5th place in a separate group and 2nd and 6th place in the third group.