ارزيابي تغييرات عملكرد و اجزا عملكرد گندم (.Triticum aestivum L) در شرايط تغيير مقدار بيوچار و ميكوريزا

Evaluation of yield changes and yield components of wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) under changing conditions of biochar and mycorrhiza

ﻫﻤﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻗﺎرﭼﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﺬب ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ اﺻﻼح ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺧﺎك ﮐﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ، ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺧﺎك ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺮاي رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر و ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰا ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي زراﻋﯽ 96-1395 و 97-1396 در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن زﻫﺮه در ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮﺑﯽ اﯾﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺎرچ ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰا در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ( و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Glomus intradiaces و ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﺻﻼحﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺧﺎك در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ( و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﭼﻬﺎر و ﻫﺸﺖ ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﺛﺮ ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰا و ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ و داﻧﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺒﻮد. ﺑﺮﻫﻢﮐﻨﺶ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر و ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰا ﺑﺮ وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﭽﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﭽﻪ و درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﯿﻦ داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺷﺪ. ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺮوﺗﯿﻦ داﻧﻪ )ﻫﺸﺖ درﺻﺪ( ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﭽﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ )11 درﺻﺪ( و وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ )16 درﺻﺪ( ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺸﺎن داد. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎرچ ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰا ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد )23 درﺻﺪ ( را در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ.

Fungal symbiosis can be beneficial for plant growth and nutrition by increasing the absorption of nutrients and using biochar as a soil conditioner that improves the physical, chemical and biological conditions of the soil. Different amounts of biochar and mycorrhiza on yield and some morphophysiological traits in wheat were performed during the cropping years of 2016-2017 and 2017-17 in Zohreh city located in southwestern Iran. The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design (CRBD) with four replications. mycorrhizal fungus at two levels including non-use (control) and use of Glomus intradiaces and biochar values from plant biomass and agricultural wastes as soil modifiers at three levels of non-use (control) and application 4 and 8 Tons per hectare. The results of analysis of variance showed that mycorrhiza and biochar at 1% level had no significant effect on biological yield, grain yield, harvest index and some components of grain yield such as number of spikes per square meter and grain per square meter. The interaction of different amounts of biochar and mycorrhiza on 1000-seed weight, number of spikelets per spike, numbers of seeds per spikelet and grain protein percentage were significant at the level of 1% probability. The results showed that the amount of grain protein (8%), number of spikelets per spike (11%) and 1000-seed weight (16%) showed a significant increase compared to control plants. the application of four tons per hectare of biochar in plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi had the best conditions and yield (23%).