بررسي تطبيقي مفهوم و كارويژه هاي خانواده در الگوي اسلامي و غربي

A comparative study of the concept and characteristics of the family in the islamic and western model ( pattern )

ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده از ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ درﻃﻮل ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت، ﺗﮑﺎﻟﯿﻒ و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ را ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﮐﺮده و درﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ داراي اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده در اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﮐﺎروﯾﮋه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻬﺎد اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ ﮐﺎروﯾﮋه ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ. در زﺑﺎن ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﻌﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺟﻨﻤﺎع و ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬارﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع زﯾﺴﺖ ﺟﻤﻌﯽ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ در ﺧﻮد، ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اي از ﮐﺎروﯾﮋه ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺘﯽ، آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ، ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ، رﻓﺘﺎري و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ را دارد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻬﺎد، ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب ﻫﺎي آن در ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎي ﺳﻼﻣﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻧﺸﺎط و ﭘﻮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ، رﺷﺪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﻧﯿﺰ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻫﻮﯾﺪا ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺳﻮال اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﻄﺮح و ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده در اﺳﻼم و ﻏﺮب ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻮده و ﭼﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺪﯾﮕﺮ دارد؟ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﻮال ﻣﻮرد اﺷﺎره ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﻧﻬﺎد ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ و اﺳﺘﺤﮑﺎم آن از ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در آﻣﻮزه ﻫﺎي اﺳﻼم ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺟﺪي ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ، اﻋﺘﻘﺎدي و ﻋﺒﺎدي زﯾﺎدي وﺟﻮد دارد ﮐﻪ اﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ و ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ و اﺳﺘﺤﮑﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. از اﯾﻦ رو، ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده از ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه واﻻ، ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺘﯽ ارﺟﻤﻨﺪ و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺘﯽ ﻣﻤﺘﺎز و وﯾﮋه ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ و ﺳﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮده اي در ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ و ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻫﺎ دارد. در اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ ﻏﺮﺑﯽ، ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺟﻨﺴﯽ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ در اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ و اﻟﮕﻮي اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺎز روﺣﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﻮي، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﺴﻞ و در ﻋﯿﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺟﻨﺴﯽ، ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ و ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻫﺎ و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﻫﺮج و ﻣﺮج ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده در اﺳﻼم اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺑﻌﺎد روﺣﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﻮي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ زﯾﺎدي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ

The Family Is An Important Social Institution That Is Of Great Importance In Different Societies an‎d Cultures. The Importance Of The Family In Human Communities Stems From The Important Functions That This Institution Plays; But The Characteristics Of The Family Are Different In Different Societies. In This Article, Its Features In Islamic Thought an‎d Model an‎d Western Thought an‎d Model Have Been Studied. The Main Question That Has Been Raised an‎d Studied In This Field Is What Are The Functions Of The Family In Islam an‎d The West an‎d What Are The Differences Between Them? The Present Article Is A Descriptive-Analytical an‎d Examines The Question Using The Library Method. The Results Of The Research Show That The Institution Of The Family an‎d The Effective Factors In Its Upbringing an‎d Its Strength Are Among The Topics That Have Been Seriously Considered In The Teachings Of Islam. In Islamic Thought, There Are Many Moral, Doctrinal an‎d Devotional Advices That Adhering To Them Strengthens, Educates an‎d Strengthens The Family. Therefore, The Family Has A High Status, Honorable Status an‎d A Special an‎d Special Position an‎d Has A Deep an‎d Wide Contribution To The Progress an‎d Development Of Human Beings. In Western Thought, Satisfying Sexual Needs Is Socialization Is One Of The Most Important Functions Of The Family, But In Islamic Thought an‎d Model, Providing Spiritual Needs, Generation an‎d At The Same Time Providing Sexual Needs, Strengthening an‎d Development Of Human Beings an‎d Preventing Functional Chaos. The Family Is In Islam, Which Has Placed Much Emphasis On The Spiritual, Spiritual an‎d Social Dimensions Of The Family Compared To The Western Model.