ارزيابي و گروه‌بندي ژنوتيپ‌هاي برنج (.Oryza sativa L) آسياي مركزي و غربي با استفاده از صفات زراعي و عملكرد دانه

Evaluation and grouping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes of Central and West Asia using agronomic traits and grain yield

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ زراﻋﯽ و ﮔﺮوهﺑﻨﺪي ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ، اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺎ 49 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ از ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻬﻮري آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن، ﻗﺰاﻓﺴﺘﺎن، اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن، ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ، ﻗﺮﻗﯿﺰﺳﺘﺎن، ﻋﺮاق و ازﺑﮑﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻫﻔﺖ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ از اﯾﺮان در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣـﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1398 و 1399 در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﮐﺸﻮر- رﺷﺖ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ﺳﺎل و ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﯿﭻﯾﮏ از ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻌﻨـﯽدار ﻧﺒﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ رﻗﻢ Marjan )ﻗﺰاﻗﺴﺘﺎن( ﺑﺎ 100 روز ﺗﺎ رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ )از ﺑﺬرﭘﺎﺷﯽ(، زودرسﺗﺮﯾﻦ رﻗـﻢ در ﺑـﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﺎ 79/3 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ 7-QazNIIR )ﻗﺰاﻗﺴﺘﺎن( و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑـﺎ 149/8 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ Avanqard )آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن( ﺑﻮد. ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ 2200 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑـﻪ رﻗـﻢ BT7 ﻋﺮاق( و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ 7400 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ Mishkab2 )ﻋﺮاق( ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻـﻔﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮگ ﭘﺮﭼﻢ در ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي، ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ در ﻫﻔﺖ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺠﺰا ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﺎﻻ در ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ، ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ اﻣﮑﺎن ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ارﻗﺎم اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ را دارا ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.

Rice is the staple food of half of the world's population and one of the most important crops in Central and West Asia. To assess variation in some important agronomic traits and grouping of rice genotypes, this study was performed and 49 genotypes from Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Turkey, Kyrgyzstan, Iraq, and Uzbekistan along with 7 genotypes from Iran were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019 and 2020 cropping season in experimental field of Rice Research Institute of Iran, in Rasht, Iran. Analysis of variance showed genotypes were significantly different for all studied traits. Genotype × year interaction effect was not significant for any of the studied traits. The lowest grain yield (2.2 t.ha-1) belonged to BT7 cultivar (Iraq) and the highest grain yield (7.4 t ha-1) belonged to Mishkab2 (Iraq). The shortest plant height (79.3 cm) belonged to QazNIIR-7 (Kazakhstan) and the highest plant height (149.8 cm) recorded for Avanqard (Azerbaijan). Marjan cultivar (Kazakhstan) was the earliest maturity among the studied rice genotypes with 100 days to physiological maturity (after seeding). Correlation studybetween traits indicated negative correlation between grain yield and flag leaf length. Cluster analysis grouped the studied genotypes into seven distinct groups. In general, the existence of high diversity for agronomic traits and grain yield in the studied genotypes showed that this set of germplasm has the potential for to be used in the national rice breeding programs to improve Iranian rice cultivars.