پديد آورندگان :
ﻣﻘﺪم، ﻋﻠﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي -ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت اﺻﻼح و ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻧﻬﺎل و ﺑﺬر، ﮐﺮج، اﯾﺮان , ﺧﻮارزﻣﯽ، ﮐﺎﻣﺒﯿﺰ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﯽ، ﺧﻮي، اﯾﺮان , ﻣﻔﯿﺪﯾﺎن، ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي -ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت اﺻﻼح و ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻧﻬﺎل و ﺑﺬر، ﮐﺮج، اﯾﺮان
چكيده فارسي :
اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮآورد ﻧﻤﺮه ﺧﻮاب ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰي 20 رﻗﻢ/ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ داﺧﻠﯽ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﯾﻮﻧﺠـﻪ در دو آزﻣـﺎﯾﺶ ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧـﻪ، ﮐﺎﺷـﺖ ﻣﺘﺪاول و ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ، ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﮐﺮج و ﺧﻮي از اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ 1393 ﺑﻪ ﻣـﺪت ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎل اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺳﺎل اول ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺳﺎل اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺑﻮﺗﻪﻫﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ آزﻣـﺎﯾﺶ ﺳـﻪ اﮐﻮﺗﯿـﭗ ﯾﻮﻧﺠـﻪ ﻫﻤـﺪاﻧﯽ، ﭼﻬـﺎر اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻗﺮهﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ، دو اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﮐﺰي اﯾﺮان، ﭘﻨﺞ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﯿﺮي و ﺷﺶ رﻗﻢ ﺧـﺎرﺟﯽ ﻣـﻮرد ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨـﺪ. درآزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺑﺬر ﻫﺮ رﻗﻢ/ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮه ﻧﺎﻣﯿﻪ، ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ 20 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر در دو ردﯾﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل ﭘـﻨﺞ ﻣﺘـﺮ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ردﯾﻒ 50 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮ و در آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ، ﺑﺬر ﻫﺮ رﻗﻢ/ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ در دو ردﯾﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺘﺮ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ردﯾﻒ 50 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ50 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﻮﺗﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﮏ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ در ﻣﺘـﺮ ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ/ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ و ﻧﻤﺮه ﺧﻮاب ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰي ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺐ دادهﻫﺎ در دو ﻣﮑﺎن و دو ﺳﺎل در ﻫﺮ ﯾـﮏ از آزﻣﺎﯾﺶﻫـﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و ﻧﻤﺮه ﺧﻮاب ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰي ارﻗﺎم/ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ. ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ در ﻣﮑﺎن ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. در آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺘﺪاول، ﯾﻮﻧﺠـﻪ ﺑﻐـﺪادي ﺑـﺎ ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 15/02 و رﻗﻢ ﮐﯿﺴﻮرداي ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 12/3 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ وﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ و در آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ، اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺑﻤﯽ-1 ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 29/6 و رﻗﻢ ﺳﮑﻮﺋﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 22/1 ﮔﺮم در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ وﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ را در ﻃﯽ دو ﺳﺎل در دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. در ﻫﺮ دو آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﻨﺘﺴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮم و ﻣﻌﺘﺪل ﮐﺸﻮر داراي ﺗﻤﺮه ﺧﻮاب ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ارﻗـﺎم ﺳﺮدﺳﯿﺮي ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. درآزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺘﺪاول، رﻗﻢ ﮐﻤﺎﻧﺪور ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮه 3/5 ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﯿﮑﺸﻬﺮي، ﺑﻤﯽ-1 و ﺑﻐـﺪادي ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 6/8 ،6/9 و 6/7، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮه ﺧﻮاب ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰي را داﺷﺘﻪ و در آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ، رﻗﻢ ﮐﻤﺎﻧﺪور ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺮه 3/3 ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻐﺪادي و ﻧﯿﮑﺸﻬﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 6/1 و 6/0، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮه ﺧﻮاب ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰي را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻗﺮهﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ و ﻫﻤﺪاﻧﯽ داراي ﻧﻤﺮهﻫﺎي ﺧﻮاب 4 ﺗﺎ 5 ، ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻌﺘﺪل ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ KFA7 و ﯾﺰدي داراي ﻧﻤﺮه ﺧﻮاب 6 ﺗﺎ 7 و ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺴﯿﺮي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻤﯽ، ﺑﻐﺪادي و ﻧﯿﮑﺸﻬﺮي داراي ﻧﻤﺮه ﺧﻮاب ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰي ﺑﯿﻦ 7 ﺗﺎ 9 ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺘﺪاول ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺮآوردﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮي از ﻧﻤﺮهﻫﺎي ﺧﻮاب ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ، ﻫـﺮ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺗـﺎﺛﯿﺮﻣﻬﻤﯽ ﺑـﺮ ﮔـﺮوه ﺑﻨـﺪي رﻗـﻢ/ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
To evaluate fall dormancy of twenty alfalfa local ecotypes and exotic cultivars, this study was conducted in two separate experiments (conventional or dense planting and spaced planting) using randomized complete block design with three replications in three growing seasons 2014, 2015 and 2016 in two locations (Karaj and Khoy), Iran. First growing season was considered as estabilishment season. Three ecotypes of Hamedani population, four ecotypes of Gharah-Yunjeh population, five ecotypes of warm region populations, two ecotypes from central part of the country and six exotic cultivars were included in this study. In conventional planting, each cultivar/ecotype was grown in two rows of 5 m length and 50 cm row spacing using 20 kg.ha-1 seeding rate, based on seed germination percentage. In spaced planting, each cultivar/ecotype was planted in two rows of 5 m length and 50 cm row spacing and 50 cm distance between plants on row. The recorded traits were plant height, stem number per plant/m-2, dry forage yield, and fall dormancy score. Combined analysis of variance of both experiments showed that mean squares of cultivar/ecotype was significant for dry forage yield, plant height and fall dormancy score. Genotype × location interaction efect was also significant for these traits. Mean comparison of dry forage yield of cultivars/ecotypes showed that Baghdadi with 15.02 t ha-1 and Kiseverdai with 12.3 t.ha-1 in conventional planting, and Bami-1 with 29.6 g.plant-1 and Sequel with 22.1 g.plant-1 had the highest and lowest dry forage yield over two locations and growing seasons, respectively. In both experiments, the local ecotypes related to warm region had the higher fall dormancy scores in comparison to ecotypes from cold region. In conventional planting, Nikshahri, Bami-1 and Baghdadi with 6.9, 6.8 and 6.7 scores, and in spaced planting, Baghdadi and Nikshahri with 6.1 and 6.0 scores showed the highest fall dormancy scores, respectively. Commandor had the lowest fall dormancy score with 3.5 and 3.3 in conventional and spaced planting experiments, respectively. In general, the fall dormancy scores were determined in ecotypes of Ghara-yunje and Hamedani populations (cold region) from 4 to 5, ecotypes from temperate region (KFA7 and Yazdi) from 6 to 7 and warm region (Bami, Baghdadi and Nikshahri) from 7 to 9 scores. Assessment of fall dormancy scores in conventaionl planting experiment led to better estimates, however, it did not affect the grouping of cultivars/ecotypes
