پديد آورندگان :
رﺿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺮاداﻋﻠﯽ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﯽ - ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت اﺻﻼح و ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻧﻬﺎل و ﺑﺬر، اروﻣﯿﻪ، اﯾﺮان , ﻋﯿﻮﺿﯽ، ﻋﻠﯿﺮﺿﺎ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﯽ - ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت اﺻﻼح و ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻧﻬﺎل و ﺑﺬر، اروﻣﯿﻪ، اﯾﺮان , ﻣﺤﻤﺪي، ﺳﻠﯿﻤﺎن ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﯽ - ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت اﺻﻼح و ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻧﻬﺎل و ﺑﺬر، اروﻣﯿﻪ، اﯾﺮان , ﻏﻨﯽ ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﻪ، ﻓﺮخ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﯽ - ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎتخاك و آب، اروﻣﯿﻪ، اﯾﺮان
كليدواژه :
ﭘﻨﺠﻪ زﻧﯽ , ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن , ﻃﻮﯾﻞ ﺷﺪن ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﯿﺎري , گندم
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ زﻣﺎن ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ داﻧﻪ ارﻗﺎم ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗـﻨﺶ ﺧﺸـﮑﯽ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎي ﻓﺼـﻞ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي زراﻋﯽ93- 1392 و 94- 1393 در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب در اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آﺑﯿﺎري ﮐﺎﻣﻞ )I1(، ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﯿﺎري از ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻇﻬﻮر ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ ﺗﺎ رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ )I2( و ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﯿﺎري از ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ ﺗﺎ رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ )I3( در ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ، زﻣﺎن ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 120 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺧﺎﻟﺺ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ: 20 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در زﻣﺎن ﮐﺎﺷـﺖ+ 100 ﮐﯿﻠـﻮﮔﺮم در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻪزﻧﯽ )N1(، 20 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در زﻣﺎن ﮐﺎﺷﺖ+ 100 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﺮوع ﻃﻮﯾﻞ ﺷﺪن ﺳﺎﻗﻪ )N2(، 20 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در زﻣـﺎن ﮐﺎﺷﺖ+ 50 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻪزﻧﯽ+50 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﺮوع ﻃﻮﯾﻞ ﺷﺪن ﺳﺎﻗﻪ )N3(،20 ﮐﯿﻠـﻮﮔﺮم در زﻣـﺎن ﮐﺎﺷـﺖ+ 50 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻪزﻧﯽ+ 50 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻇﻬﻮر ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ )N4( و ﭘﻨﺞ رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن زرﯾﻦ )G1(، ﭘﯿﺸـﮕﺎم )G2(، اروم )G3(، زارع )G4( و ﻣﯿﻬﻦ )G5( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ درﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﯿـﺎري از ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻇﻬﻮر ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ ﺗﺎ رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آﺑﯿﺎري ﮐﺎﻣﻞ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و روي داﻧﻪ )ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ 37 ،23 و 18 درﺻﺪ( و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ و ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ داﻧﻪ )ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 11 و 45 درﺻﺪ( ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ، آﻫﻦ، روي و ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ داﻧﻪ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﻤﺒﻮد آب )I2( در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﻮدي 20 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در زﻣﺎن ﮐﺎﺷﺖ+ 50 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻪزﻧﯽ+50 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﺮوع ﻃﻮﯾﻞ ﺷﺪن ﺳﺎﻗﻪ در ارﻗﺎم ﻣﯿﻬﻦ و ﭘﯿﺸﮕﺎم ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر آﺑﯿﺎري ﮐﺎﻣﻞ، ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻇﻬﻮر ﺳـﻨﺒﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ داﻧﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ )7026 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﻮدي 20 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در زﻣﺎن ﮐﺎﺷﺖ + 50 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻪزﻧﯽ+50 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﺮوع ﻃﻮﯾﻞ ﺷﺪن ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ آزﻣـﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ زﻣﺎنﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد آب و ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ارﻗﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﺎم و ﻣﯿﻬﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ داﻧﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪي را در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺮد ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ اﺟﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داد.
چكيده لاتين :
To investigate the effect of the timing of nitrogen fertilizer application on grain yield and quality of bread wheat cultivars under terminal drought stress conditions, two field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Miandoab in West Azerbaijan, Iran, in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 cropping seasons. Experimental treatments were arranged as split plot factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation levels I1 = full irrigation, I2 = irrigation withholding from heading, I3 = irrigation witholding from anthesis stage) were assigned to main plots, 120 kg.ha-1 nitrogen at four application times (N1=20 kg.ha-1 at planting and 100 kg.ha-1 at the tillerign stage, N2 = 20 kg.ha-1 at the planting and 100 kg.ha-1 at stem elongation stage, N3 = 20 kg.ha-1 at the planting, 50 kg.ha-1 at the tillering stage with 50 kg.ha-1 at stem elongation stage, N4 = 20 kg.ha-1 at planting, 50 kg.ha-1 at tillering stage with 50 kg.ha-1 at heading stage) and five bread wheat cultivars (G1 = Zarrin, G2 = Pishgam, G3 = Orum, G4 = Zareh and G5 = Mihan) as factorial were randomized in subplots. Results showd that under terminal drought stress conditions (I2), concentrations of N, P and Zn of grain increased by 23%, 37% and 18%, respectively, however severe water shortage also reduced the concentrations of potassium (11%) and magnesium (45%). The timing of N3 and N4 fertilizer application times increased N, P, Fe and Mg concentrations of grain, while in the N1 fertilizer application time, only K concentration of grain increased. The highest amounts of N, P, Fe, Zn and Mg in severe water stress conditions (I2) were observed in the N3 fertilizer application time with drought tolerant cultivars cv. Mihan and cv. Pishgam, however under full irrigation conditions the distribution of nitrogen at spike emergence stage (N4) increased N, P and Mg contents of grain. The highest grain yield (7026 kg.ha-1) obtained under N3 nitrogen fertilizer application time. The results of this experiment showed that with integrating of appropriate timing of nitrogen fertilizer application under terminal drought stress conditions and planting of new improved cultivars such as cv. Pishgam and cv. Mihan, bread wheat grain yield and its quality can be improved, in areas with similar environmental conditions.
