تجزيه و تحليل ارتباط ميان ساختمان هاي بلند مرتبه و ادراك محيطي شهروندان با استفاده از روش چيدمان فضا، مورد مطالعاتي: منطقه 22 شهر تهران

Analyzing the Relationship between High-Rise Buildings and Citizens' Environmental Perception Using Space Syntax Method; Case Study: District 22 of Tehran

امروزه باورهايي در ميزان تاثيرات ساختمان ها و مجموعه محيط ساخته شده بر افراد، در مباحث معماري و شهرسازي رايج شده است. در اين ميان ساختمان هاي بلندمرتبه به دليل فرم نشانه اي خود، تاثير قابل توجهي بر تصوير ذهني شهروندان از محيط شهري خود دارد. اين پژوهش سعي بر آن دارد كه با تجزيه و تحليل پيكره بندي فضايي منطقه 22 شهر تهران و بررسي موقعيت ساختمان هاي بلندمرتبه در آن، مشخص نمايد تغييرات فرم كالبدي آن بناها در شريان هاي اصلي شهري، چگونه بر ذهنيت و ادراك محيطي شهروندان تاثير مي گذارد. پژوهش پيش رو، پژوهشي كاربردي است كه با توجه به هدف آن از تركيب روش هاي كمي و كيفي استفاده شده است. براي تجزيه و تحليل پيكره بندي فضا و روابط توپولوژيكي مسيرها از روش چيدمان فضا (Space Syntax) بهره گرفته شده و با استفاده از نرم افزار دپس مپ ( Depthmap) سه دسته نقشه شاخص هاي هم پيوندي، پيوستگي و قابليت فهم تهيه گرديد. پس از ترسيم نقشه عوامل چيدمان فضايي مرتبط با ساختمان هاي بلندمرتبه، نوع همپيوندي آن تعيين و نقشۀ نهايي عوامل استخراج و تحليل ها و تفسيرهاي فضايي روي آن ها انجام شده است. يافته هاي پژوهش حاكي از آن است كه بناهاي بلندمرتبه در فضاها و مسيرهايي داراي قابليت ادراك بالاتري مي باشد كه: 1) در طول آن ها نشانه هاي با مقياس مناسب وجود دارد. 2) در اطراف آن ها شبكه پيوسته تري از مسيرها قرار گرفته. 3) تغييرات مناسب در طول و عرض فضاها وجود دارد. 4) در اطراف مسيرها ساختمان هايي با ارتفاع متوسط قرار دارند. همچنين ساختمان هاي بلندمرتبه، عناصري منفرد نيستند بلكه روابط بين فضاها و نحوه قرارگيري نسبي آن ها به يكديگر است كه بر ذهنيت و ادراك محيطي شهروندان تاثير مي گذارد.

Currently, some views about the influence of buildings and the built environment on people have become common in architecture and urbanism. In the meantime, high-rise buildings significantly influence the citizens’ mental image of their urban environment because they act as a sign due to their physical form. The current study tries to analyze the spatial configuration of District 22 of Tehran and examine the location of high-rise buildings to determine how changes in the physical forms of the buildings in the main urban arteries affect citizens' mentality and environmental perception. The present study is applied research, regarding its purpose, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods is used. To analyze the spatial configuration of and topological relationships between paths, the Space Syntax technique is used, and using the Depthmap software, three categories of maps of integration, connectivity, and intelligibility indices are prepared. After drawing the maps of the space syntax factors related to high-rise buildings, the type of integration is determined, and the final maps of factors are extracted, and spatially analyzed and interpreted. Findings designate that those high-rise buildings in spaces and paths have a higher intelligibility that those high-rise buildings in spaces and paths have higher intelligibility: 1) Along which there are signs of appropriate scale. 2) Around which there is a more continuous network of paths. 3) That there are appropriate changes in the length and width of the spaces, and 4) There are mid-rise buildings around the paths. Likewise, high-rise buildings are not individual elements but the relationships between spaces and their relative arrangement affect citizens' mentality and environmental perception The present study is an applied research that aims to combine quantitative and qualitative methods. Space Syntax was used to analyze the space configuration and topological relationships of the paths and three categories of integration, connectivity and intelligibility indices were prepared by using Depthmap software. After mapping the spatial layout factors associated with high-rise buildings, their interconnection type is determined and the final map of the factors is extracted and spatial analyzes and interpretations are performed on them. The findings of the study suggest that high-rise buildings in spaces and pathways have a higher comprehensibility that people with greater eagerness visualize the configuration of the whole space in their minds: There is a more continuous network of routes around them, there are appropriate variations in the length and width of the spaces, and there are buildings of medium height around the roads. Also, high-rise buildings in urban spaces are not individual elements, but rather the relationships between spaces and their relative placement that affect the mentality and perception of the citizens.