اثر نسبت‌هاي جايگزيني بر صفات گياهي و ويژگي‌هاي كيفيت دانه در كشت مخلوط سويا (Glycine max L. Merr) و دان‌سياه (Guizotia abyssinica Cass)

Effect of replacement ratios on plant traits and seed quality properties in intercropping of soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr) and niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.)

ﺑــﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾــﺎﺑﯽ رﻗﺎﺑــﺖ ﮔﯿــﺎه ﺳــﻮﯾﺎ و دانﺳــﯿﺎه در ﻧﺴــﺒﺖﻫــﺎي ﮐﺸــﺖ ﻣﺨﻠــﻮط، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ در دو ﺳــﺎل زراﻋــﯽ )1396-97 و 1397-98( در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺳﺎري اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ 100 : 0 ، 75 : 25 ، 50 : 50 ، 25 : 75 و 0 : 100 )ﺑـﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ دانﺳـﯿﺎه- ﺳـﻮﯾﺎ( ﺑـﻪ روش ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد داﻧـﻪ، روﻏﻦ و ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﺧﺎم داﻧﻪ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ و دانﺳﯿﺎه داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ و دانﺳﯿﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ )100:0( و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﮐﺸﺖ 75:25 ﺑﻮد. اﺛﺮ رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﻞ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺗﺎ 90 روز ﭘﺲ از ﮐﺎﺷﺖ از ﻧﻮع ﻣﮑﻤﻠﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻮد و ﭘﺲ از آن ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﺎري دو ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﻞ روﻏﻦ و ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﺧﺎم داﻧﻪ در ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﮔﯿﺎه دانﺳﯿﺎه )0:100( و ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ )100:0( ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 50:50 و 75:25 )ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 1/28 و 1/23( ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻬﻢ اﺛﺮ ﻣﮑﻤﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺛﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ ﻧﻘـﺶ ﻣﻬﻤـﯽ در ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط دانﺳﯿﺎه و ﺳﻮﯾﺎ داﺷﺖ و اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪه در ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 50:50 و 25:75 ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﺳـﻬﻢ ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ ﺑﻮدن اﺛﺮ ﻣﮑﻤﻠﯽ )ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 76/2 و 59/7 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﯿﺎه دانﺳﯿﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫﻤـﺮاه در ﮐﺸـﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد راﺑﻄﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﺎري دو ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ و ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ در رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the competition of soybean intercropped with niger in different planting ratios using randomized complete block design with four replications at Sari agricultural sciences and natural resources university in 2018 and 2019. The intercropping ratios were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 (soybean:niger, respectively) using the replacement series. Results showed that intercropping significantly affected plant height, total dry matter accumulation at different growth stages, seed yield, oil, and crude protein yield of both crops. The highest plant height of soybean and niger was obtained in sole cropping of soybean and 75:25 planting ratio, respectively. The impact of competition on total dry matter accumulation up to 90 days after planting was positive and complementarity effect that changed to mutual cooperation after this stage. In addition, oil yield and crude protein yield of soybean and niger seeds in planting ratios were higher than niger (100: 0) and less than soybean in the sole cropping of soybean (100: 0). The maximum amounts of LER (1.28 and 1.23) were obtained in 50:50 and 75:25 intercropping ratios, respectively. Results showed that the complementarity effect between niger and soybean on seed yield in all intercropping ratios was greater than the selection effect. The increases in seed yield in intercropping ratio 50:50 and 25:75 was due to the largest share of the complementarity effect (76.2% and 59.7%, respectively) in seed yield. Therefore, selecting niger as a companion species in intercropping with soybean would lead to mutual cooperation relationship and mitigate the effect of competition.