پديد آورندگان :
اﻣﺮاﯾﯽ، ﻧﺴﯿﻢ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﺎﻫﺪ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﯾﺮان , منصوري، علي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﺎﻫﺪ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﯾﺮان , اﻣﯿﺪي، ﺣﺸﻤﺖ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﺎﻫﺪ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﯾﺮان
كليدواژه :
آﻟﻔﺎآﻣﯿﻼز , آﻟﻠﻮﭘﺎﺗﯽ , ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ , ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ , ﻗﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل
چكيده فارسي :
ﮔﻨﺪم ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﮐﺸﺎورزي در ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ دارد. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﮐﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم ﭘﺲ از ﮐﯿﻨﻮا ﮐﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، ﺑﯿﻢ آن ﻣﯽرود ﮐﻪ وﺟﻮد ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎي ﮐﯿﻨﻮا در ﮐﺸﺖ ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮوز اﺛﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ آﻟﻠﻮﭘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻋﺼﺎره آﺑﯽ ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎي ﮔﯿﺎه ﮐﯿﻨﻮا ﺑﺮ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ و رﺷﺪ اوﻟﯿﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در 4 ﺗﮑﺮار در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﻨﺎوري ﺑﺬر داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺗﻬﺮان اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻮع اﻧﺪام )ﮔﻞآذﯾﻦ، ﺑﺮگ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و رﯾﺸﻪ( و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﺼﺎره آﺑﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه ﮐﯿﻨﻮا )ﺻﻔﺮ، 5، 25، 50، 75 و 100 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﻮد. در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺻﻔﺎت درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ، ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ، ﻃﻮل رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ، ﻃﻮل ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ، ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ آب، ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ آﻟﻔﺎآﻣﯿﻼز، ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻗﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل، ﻓﻨﻞ ﮐﻞ و ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻋﺼﺎره اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻨﻮا )5 و 25 درﺻﺪ( ﻧﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎ اﺛﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ، ﻃﻮل ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ آب ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ، ﺣﺘﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪﻧﺪ. ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي ﻋﺼﺎره اﺛﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ اﺛﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎي ﺑﺮگ و ﮔﻞآذﯾﻦ ﺑﻪﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ از اﺛﺮات ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎي اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﯿﻨﻮا ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ آﻟﻔﺎآﻣﯿﻼز و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻗﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل، ﻓﻨﻞ ﮐﻞ و اﺳﯿﺪآﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم ﺷﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Wheat is the most important agricultural product in the world and plays an important role in ensuring human food security. According to the fact that Wheat is planted after Quinoa, it is feared that the presence of Quinoa in Wheat cultivation may cause negative allelopathic effects. To investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Quinoa on seed germination and early growth of Wheat seedling, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications was conducted at Seed Technology Laboratory of Shahed University of Agriculture, Tehran, Iran. Experimental factors included organ type (inflorescence, leaf, stem and root) and aqueous extract concentration of Quinoa (0, 5, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). In this experiment traits such as germination percentage, shoot length, root length, plantlet length, plantlet dry weight, relative water content, alpha-amylase activity, soluble sugar content, total phenol and proline of Wheat seedling were studied. The results showed that low concentrations of the extract of Quinoa (5 and 25%) had not only negative effects on germination percentage, plantlet length, dry weight and relative water content of Wheat, but even improved these traits. High concentrations of the extract had negative effects on morphological traits. The negative effects of leaf and inflorescence extracts were more than the effects of stem and root extracts. Application of different extracts of Quinoa reduced the activity of alpha-amylase and increased soluble sugar, total phenol and amino acid proline in wheat plantlet.
