ارزيابي ميزان امنيت در سكونتگاه هاي غيررسمي (موردمطالعه: محله حكيم نظامي اروميه)

Assess the Level of Security in Informal Settlements (Case Study: Hakim Nezami Neighborhood-Urmia)

ﻫﺪف از ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺟﺮمﺧﯿﺰ، دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از ﺟﺮم از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ در ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮرﺳﻤﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺻﻄﻼح ﮐﻢﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد، اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﺣﮑﯿﻢ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ اروﻣﯿﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و از ﻧﻮع ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دو روش اﺳﻨﺎدي و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺳﺎﮐﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﺣﮑﯿﻢ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ اروﻣﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ آﻣﺎر 1397، 33000 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و از اﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد 379 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان و ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﻃﺒﻘﻪاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪ دو ﺻﻮرت ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﺳﺖ، در ﺑﻌﺪ ﮐﻤﯽ از روشﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري و در ﺑﻌﺪ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪهاﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻏﺮب ﺑﻬﺘﺮ از ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺷﺮق ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دادهﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪاي ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎرت ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﮐﻨﺘﺮل دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ، ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري از ﻓﻀﺎ و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺘﯽ در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻗﻠﻤﺮوﮔﺮاﯾﯽ در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺮار دارد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ، ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪي ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري از ﻓﻀﺎ در رﺗﺒﻪ اول و ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪي ﻗﻠﻤﺮوﮔﺮاﯾﯽ در رﺗﺒﻪي آﺧﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ اﺗﺨﺎذ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﻆ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان اﻣﻨﯿﺖ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

The purpose of identifying crime hotspots is to classify and assess security by reducing crime prevention through environmental design, and given that this is more pronounced in informal settlements, this research has been studied in Hakim Nezami neighborhood of Urmia. The present article is descriptive-analytical and applied. The method of data collection has been done in two ways: documentary and field. The statistical population is all the residents of Hakim Nezami neighborhood of Urmia, which according to the statistics of 1397, is 33,000 people, of which 379 people have been selected according to Cochran's formula and stratified random method. Data analysis has been done both quantitatively and qualitatively, in the quantitative dimension of statistical methods and in the qualitative dimension, the results of field observations and interviews have been analyzed. Examination of the results shows that using the neighborhood spatial data, the security of the western part is better than the eastern part of the neighborhood. According to the questionnaire data, the components of Natural Surveillance, Natural Accsess Control, Maintenance and support activities are in a higher position than the average level and the component of Territorial Reinforcement is in a lower position than the average level. This indicates the average level of security in this neighborhood. Also, according to the results of Friedman test, the component of Maintenance was in the first rank and the component of Territorial Reinforcement was in the last rank, which requires the adoption of strategies to maintain and increase security in this neighborhood.