ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ درﯾﺎﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ و ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨ ﻈﻮر اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎدي درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﻧﺪاﺳﯿﻮن ﺷﻨﺎور ﻓﺮاﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ

Investigation of Offshore Wind Turbine Foundation - Floating Offshore and Fixed Base Offshore - and Potential of North and South Seas of Iran

در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻞ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ آبﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺖﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﻧﺼﺐ اﻧﻮاع ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﺑﺎدي، ﺑﺤﺚ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، اﻧﻮاع ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﺑﺎدي درﯾﺎﯾﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺷﻨﺎور ﻓﺮاﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻮﯾﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﺑﺎدي و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻧﻮاع ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﺑﺎدي درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺎدي در اﯾﺮان، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي اﻗﯿﺎﻧﻮسﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ، ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺣﻤﻞوﻧﻘﻞ و اﻣﮑﺎن ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎژ و ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮاي درﯾﺎﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ و ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ اﯾﺮان، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺎدي، ﻋﻤﻖ آبﻫﺎ و ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﺪل ﺳﻮات، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪاي ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﺮو در اﯾﻦ ﺣﯿﻄﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﺧﺰر، ﻧﻮع ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﮐﺸﺸﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري، ﻧﺼﺐ و ﺣﻤﻞوﻧﻘﻞ دﺷﻮار و ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ آب ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﯿﻖ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد درﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻧﻮﭘﺎﯾﻞ و ﻧﺴﻞ ﺳﻮم ﮔﺮاﻧﺸﯽﻫﺎ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاي ژرﻓﺎي ﮐﻢ اﯾﻦ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﯽ ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺟﺰر و ﻣﺪ زﯾﺎد و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺑﺴﯿﺎر در ﻋﻤﻖ آب در ﻃﻮل ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪروز و ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺸﺶ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﻬﺎرﺳﺎزي ﺳﮑﻮﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﮐﺸﺸﯽ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻧﻤﯽﮔﺮدد. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ، ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﺎﻻي آب در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ و ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺧﻮب در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺟﻮي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن، ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي اﺳﭙﺎر ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد.

In the present work, the potential and capability of Iran's waters for acquiring and installing different types of wind turbines is discussed. For this purpose, various types of offshore wind turbines such as offshore float as the latest type of wind turbines as well as various types of base fixed offshore wind turbines were studied. In addition to reviewing the state of wind turbine technology in Iran according to oceanographic features, geographical coordinates, transportation costs and the possibility of assembly and ease of installation for the northern and southern seas of Iran, the amount of wind resources, water depth and available area were also taken into consideration. Based on the SWOT model, recommendations were made for the use of different types of turbines. In a part of the research, a comparison was made between Iran and leading countries in this field. For the Caspian Sea, the type of traction base of these turbines is not recommended due to the structural complexity, difficult installation and transportation and the need for deep water, while monopilic structures and the third generation of gravity are suitable options for the shallow depths of lakes. In addition, near the southern coast of Iran, due to high tides and many changes in water depth during the day and night and the impact of the tension of the restraint lines of traction platforms, the use of this structure is not recommended. Due to the high depth of water in coastal areas and very good stability in various weather conditions, spar structures are introduced as a desirable option.