پديد آورندگان :
خليل‌پور، خورشيد دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي ساري - گروه علوم باغباني، ايران , مرادي، حسين دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي ساري - دانشكده علوم زراعي - گروه علوم باغباني، ايران , قاسمي، كامران دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي ساري - دانشكده علوم زراعي - گروه علوم باغباني، ايران
كليدواژه :
گياهان دارويي , كلروفيل , كارتنوئيد , صفات رويشي
چكيده فارسي :
به منظور بررسي اثر سطوح مختلف نيتروژن (0، 50، 100 و 150 كيلوگرم در هكتار به‌صورت كودآبياري) و سيليسيم (0، كودآبياري يك ميلي‌مولار، كودآبياري دو ميلي‌مولار، محلول‌پاشي يك ميلي‌مولار، محلول‌پاشي دو ميلي‌مولار) بر ويژگي‌هاي مختلف گياه شنبليله، آزمايشي به صورت كرت‌هاي خردشده در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي انجام شد. صفات مورد مطالعه در اين آزمايش شامل: ارتفاع بوته، طول برگ، تعداد شاخه در بوته، طول ريشه، درصد ماده خشك ريشه، درصد ماده خشك اندام هوايي، رنگيزه‌هاي فتوسنتزي، ميزان نيتروژن، نيترات و سيليسيم گياه بودند.طبق نتايج، تنها با دو تيمار نيتروژن 50 و 150 به همراه محلول‌پاشي يك ميلي‌مولار سيليسيم، ارتفاع بوته نسبت به شاهد برتري معني‌داري نشان داد. تنها تيماري كه طول ريشه آن بيشتر از شاهد ثبت شد، تيمار محلول‌پاشي يك ميلي‌مولار سيليسيم و بدون نيتروژن بود. بيشترين ماده خشك اندام هوايي در تيمار نيتروژن 150+ بدون سيليسيم به‌دست آمد. همچنين تيمار محلول‌پاشي دو ميلي‌مولار سيليسيم بدون نيتروژن بالاترين درصد ماده خشك ريشه را نشان داد. كمترين مقدار كلروفيل كل و كارتنوئيد مربوط به تيمار محلول‌پاشي دو ميلي‌مولار سيليسيم بدون نيتروژن و كمترين مقدار تجمع نيترات، مربوط به تيمار محلول‌پاشي دو ميلي‌مولار سيليسيم بدون نيتروژن بود. تنها تيمار نيتروژن 100+ محلول‌پاشي دو ميلي‌مولار سيليسيم بود كه غلظت سيليسيم برگ بيشتري نسبت به شاهد داشت. به طور كلي، تركيب تيماري نيتروژن 50 + محلول‌پاشي يك ميلي‌مولار سيليسيم در جهت بهبود رشد رويشي و تيمار نيتروژن 100 به منظور افزايش نفوذ برگي سيليسيم و به همراه آن افزايش خاصيت ضد تنشي اين عنصر مفيد توصيه مي‌گردد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: Fenugreek has a good medicinal value due to the presence of effective substances such as alkaloids, flavonoids, vitamins A and C, iron and calcium salts. To achieve maximum grain yield and, as a result, maximum active ingredient in fenugreek, suitable nutrients and nutrients play a major role.
Material and Methods: To evaluate different levels of nitrogen and silicon on some morphological traits such as plant height (cm), root height (cm), leaf length (cm), number of branches per plant, percentage of dry matter of roots and shoots, photosynthetic pigments (mg g-1 FW), shoot nitrate accumulation, leaf nitrogen content and shoot shoots and the roots of this plant were experimented with split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nitrogen at four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg / ha of irrigation fertilizer) as the main plot and silicon at five levels (0, 1 mM irrigation fertilizer, 2 mM irrigation fertilizer, 1 mM foliar application, 2 mM foliar application) as Sub-plots were considered.
Results and discussion: The results showed that only two treatments of nitrogen 50 and 150 with 1 mM silicon spraying showed plant superiority over control. The only treatment in which the root length was significantly longer than the control was nitrogen-free 1 mM foliar application. The highest shoot dry matter, which was significantly higher than the control, was obtained in the treatment of 150+ nitrogen without silicon. Also, 2 mM silicon-free foliar application of nitrogen showed the highest percentage of root dry matter, which was significantly superior to the control. The lowest amount of total chlorophyll and carotenoids was related to the treatment of 2 mM silicon without nitrogen fertilizer, which was significantly lower than all other treatments. The lowest nitrate accumulation of 1247 mg / kg was related to 2 mM silicon-free nitrogen spraying treatment, which was not significantly different from 50 + nitrogen-free silicon and 1 mM silicon-free nitrogen fertilizers. The only nitrogen treatment + 100 was 2 mM silicon foliar application, which had a higher leaf silicon concentration than the control, while other treatments used were not significantly different from the control or even less than the control.
Conclusions: Although fenugreek contains nitrogen-fixing bacteria, low levels of nitrogen help increase the growth of this plant. Regarding root growth, lack of nitrogen nutrition and consumption of silicon in the form of irrigation fertilizer both increase root growth. From the point of view of product quality, spraying high concentrations of silicon (2 mM) in the absence of nitrogen fertilization can prevent nitrate accumulation in fenugreek, which is very important for human health, but this effect of silicon is not achieved in the presence of high soil nitrogen due to nitrogen fertilization. However, nitrogen fertilization in none of the values used in this experiment did not cause more nitrate accumulation than the control, which proves the permissible use of optimal nitrogen in this plant. Also, moderate nitrogen fertilization (100 kg / ha) increases silicon leaf infiltration, which can have anti-stress benefits of this useful element.
