بررسي روش‌هاي شكست خواب بذر بابا آدم (Arctium lappa)

Evalution of Arctium lappa seed dormancy breaking methods

ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﺎﺑﺎ آدم )Arctium lappa( ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ داراي ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺧﻮاب ﺑﺬر اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﺧﻮاب ﺑﺬر ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﺎﺑﺎ آدم ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه در داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﺷﻮﺷﺘﺮ در ﺳﺎل 1395 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﺧﻮاب ﺑﺬر در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ- زﻧﯽ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي اﺳﯿﺪ ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ )500 ﭘﯽﭘﯽام( + ﺧﺮاشدﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ 75 درﺻﺪ )86 درﺻﺪ(، اﺳﯿﺪ ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ )500 ﭘﯽﭘﯽام( + ﺧﺮاشدﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ آب داغ 70 درﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﯿﻮس )87 درﺻﺪ( و اﺳﯿﺪ ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ )500 ﭘﯽﭘﯽام( + ﺧﺮاشدﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ آب داغ 90 درﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﯿﻮس )84 درﺻﺪ( ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺧﺮاشدﻫﯽ ﺑﺬر ﺑﺎ آب داغ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد زﯾﺮا اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل در ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ 75 درﺻﺪ، اﺳﯿﺪ ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ )500 ﭘﯽﭘﯽام( + ﺧﺮاشدﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ 75 درﺻﺪ و ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ )ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ( + ﺧﺮاشدﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ 75 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ ) ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 11/7، 11/3 و 10/9 درﺻﺪ(. ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ و اﺳﯿﺪ ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ آﻟﻔﺎآﻣﯿﻼز و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ اﮐﺴﯿﻦ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﺑﺎ آدم ﺷﺪ درﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ آﺑﺴﺰﯾﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ وﯾﮕﻮر در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر اﺳﯿﺪ ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ )500 ﭘﯽﭘﯽام( + ﺧﺮاش- دﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ آب داغ 70 درﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﯿﻮس ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺧﺮاشدﻫﯽ ﺑﺬر ﺑﺎﺑﺎ آدم ﺑﺎ آب داغ 70 درﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﯿﻮس ﺑﻪﻣﺪت 10 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ و ﺑﻪدﻧﺒﺎل آن ﺧﯿﺴﺎﻧﺪن ﺑﺬر در ﻣﺤﻠﻮل 500 ﭘﯽﭘﯽام اﺳﯿﺪ ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ ﺑﻪﻣﺪت 12 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ و ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﺑﺎ آدم ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Arctium lappa is an important medical plant with seed dormancy problem. A study was carried out to investigate the effects of seed dormancy breaking treatments on Arctium lappa germination. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replication. The highest germination percentage was recorded in seeds treated with GA3 (500 ppm) + H2SO4 75% (86%), GA3 (500 ppm) + hot water 70 0C (87%) and GA3 (500 ppm) + hot water 90 0C (84%). Seed scarification with hot water were better than H2SO4 because H2SO4 increased abnormal seedling percentage. Highest abnormal seedling showed in H2SO4 75%, GA3 (500 ppm) + H2SO4 75% and KNO3 (1%) + H2SO4 75 % treatments (11.7%, 11.3% and 10.9% respectively). Seed treatment with KNO3 and GA3 increas α- amylase activity and Auxin concentration in Arctium lappa seedlings and decreased Abscisic Acid content in seedlings. The maximum seedling vigor index obtaines in seeds treated with GA3 (500 ppm) + hot water 70 0C . Results indicated Arctium lappa seeds scarification with hot water 70 0C (10 min) followed by socking in GA3 (500 ppm) for 12 hour was most effective treatment for seed dormancy breaking and improved seedling growth.